Nature and Development of HR Flashcards
1
Q
Define HR
A
Basic entitlements and freedoms belonging to all people
2
Q
Features of HR
A
- Inalienable
- Universal
- IndivisibleI
- nherent
3
Q
Two types of HR
A
- Individual
- Collective
4
Q
Basis for Human Rights legislation
A
- UDHR 1948
- ICCPR 1966
- ICESCR 1966
5
Q
Define inalienable
A
Cannot be taken away
6
Q
Define indivisible
A
Interdependent
7
Q
Define inherent
A
Apply from birth
8
Q
Define universal
A
Belong to everyone
9
Q
Example of individual right
A
- right to vote
- right to education
10
Q
Example of collective right
A
- Right to self determination
- Right to peace
11
Q
What is the purpose of human rights
A
Form the foundation of justice and freedom and peace in the world
12
Q
What documents form intl bill of rights
A
- UDHR 1948
- ICESCR 1966
- ICCPR 1966
13
Q
what type of law is UDHR
A
Declaration therefore soft law
14
Q
What is the purpose of the UDHR
A
Defined human rights and freedoms and formed basic of human rights law
15
Q
Example of rights in UDHR
A
- Right to life
- Right to religion
16
Q
What is purpose of ICCPR
A
Creates obligation on states to respect civil and political rights of individuals
17
Q
What type of rights are ICCPR
A
Hands off rights. e.g. what the government can’t take way
18
Q
Example of rights in ICCPR
A
- Right to vote
- Freedom of movement
19
Q
When was ICCPR drafted
A
1966 came into force 1976
20
Q
What type of law is ICCPR
A
Hard law
21
Q
Who oversees ICCPR
A
UN Human Rights Committee
22
Q
Hands on Rights e.g. what the government has to give you
A
What type of right are ICESCR
23
Q
When was ICESCR drafted
A
1966, came into force 1976
24
Q
Who oversees ICESCR
A
UN committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
25
Define slavery
Forced labour where someone is the legal property of another
26
Purpose of slavery
fill certain roles in society
27
Why did slavery grow
Transatlantic slave trade 1600 onwards
28
what was the transatlantic slave trade
Trading of slaves from Africa to colonies in Europe
29
When did main abolitionist movement begin
18th century (1700s)
30
When was slavery abolished from England and its colonies
19th century (1800s)
31
Main Case law and legislation on abolition of slaveryR v Knowles (1772) Slave Trade Act 1807 (UK)Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (UK)
32
What did R v Knowles do
Outlawed slavery in England
33
What was purpose of the Slave Trade Act 1807
Outlawed slavery in all British empire
34
how is slavery outlawed now internationallyArt 4 UDHRICCPR ICESCR
35
What are trade unions
An organisation of workers created to preserve and further their rights and interests
36
When did labour law first emerge
Industrial revolution (1700s to 1800s)
37
How where trade unions first treated
They were criminalised
38
Example of trade unions criminalised
Tolpuddle martyrs 1834 sent to Australia for 7 years
39
What secured trade unions legal status
Trade Unions Act 1871 (UK)
40
How did unions protect their rights in Australia
Australian Labour Party
41
What Organisation protects labour rights currently
International labour organisation
42
How are Labour rights protected internationallyArt 23/24 of UDHRICESCR
43
What is the principal of democracy
That the authority of the government should be based on the political will of the people as expressed through genuine periodic elections
44
What is universal suffragethe right to vote by all citizens in political elections regardless of gender, race, status or creed
45
Who were the first group allowed to vote
Men with a higher status
46
When were **all** men allowed to vote in UKRepresentation of peoples Act 1918 (UK)
47
When did Australia give women the right to vote
48
When did UK give women suffrage
1928
49
When did Aboriginal people get right to vote federally
1962
50
How is right to vote outlined currently
* Art 21 of UDHR
* Art 25 ICCPR
51
How many countries are classified as democratic
46%
52
How do trade unions protect labour rightsBargaining for better pay and working conditions
53
Examples of rights achieved by trade unions
Minimum wage, OHS
54
What is universal education
The idea that all human beings have a right to a education
55
Who first filled the role as the educator
The church in 1500s
56
What led to government providing education
Industrialisation
57
How was education first made compulsory in UK
Education Act 1870 (UK)
58
Legislation in Australia that led to universal educationPublic Instruction Act 1880 (NSW)The Education Amendment Act 2009 (NSW), ( Previously Education Act (1990))
59
How is education protected internationally
Art 2 of UDHR plus millennium development goals
60
What is school leaving age currently in NSW
61
What is the collective right to self determination
The right for people belonging to a territory or national grouping to determine their own political status culture and future
62
When did self determination become important
Colonisation by European powers placing people under direct control of European powers
63
Example of self determination
1776 US declaration of independence
64
How is self determination outlined internationallyUN charter 1945 andArt 1 ICESCR Art 15 of UDHR
65
How does UN assist countries in reaching self determination
UN trusteeship council
66
What is a current issue of self determination domestically Indigenous people
67
How does UN protect Indigenous people globally
UN Declaration on the Rights of the Indigenous People 2007
68
What type of right is self determination
collective
69
How do environmental rights differ from individual rights
They relate to many existing agreed rights e.g right to health needs an adequate environment
70
Main intl agreements recognising environmental rights
African charter on Human and Peoples Rights (1981)
71
How could environmental rights change
ICC might begin prosecuting national leaders that destroy the natural environment
72
When was league of nations establishedafter WW1, it failed after WW2 began
73
What is the primary aim of the UN
Maintaining peace and security
74
When was UN formed
1945
75
How is right to peace outlined
* Declaration on the Rights of Peoples to peace 1984
* UN charter 1945
* Treaty of Versailles
76
What is the right to peace balanced againstright to self defence
77
What are civil rights
Civil rights are entitlements belonging to all humans and are to do with being a free citizen of a nation
78
What's an example of a civil right
* Right to liberty
* Freedom of thought
79
What are political rights
Political rights are entitlements to do with full participation in government
80
Whats an example of a political right
* Right to vote
81
What are economic rights
Economic rights are the rights concerned with the production, development and management of material for the necessities of life
82
What's an example of an economic right
* Right to work
83
What are cultural rights
Cultural rights are the rights which assist in preserving and enjoying one’s cultural heritage
84
What's an exmaple of a cultural right
* Right to participate in cultural life
* Right to self determination
85
What are economic rights
Economic rights are the rights concerned with the production, development and management of material for the necessities of life
86
What's an exmaple of a economic right
* Right to education
87
What are the main collective rights
88
89
What are the main types of HR
* Civil and political rights
*
90
What type of right was the basis for the abolition of slavery
Economic rights
