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Natural Vegetation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of Natural Vegetation?

A

Natural Vegetation is the PLANT COMMUNITY which has GROWN NATURALLY WITHOUT ANY HUMAN ASSISTANCE and has NOT BEEN DISTURBED over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to ADJUST themselves fully to the climate and soil conditions.

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2
Q

What is flora?

A

The plants of a particular region or period, listed as species and considered as a group.

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3
Q

What is vegetation?

A

The assemblage of plant species living in association with each other in a given environmental set-up.

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4
Q

What is a forest?

A

A large tract of land covered with trees and accompanying undergrowth of shrubs, herbs and sustaining thousands of life forms, including plants and animals.

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5
Q

How much rainfall do tropical evergreen forests receive on average?

A

More than 200 cm of rainfall per annum.

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6
Q

What is the annual average temperature in regions of tropical evergreen forests?

A

25°C-27°C

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7
Q

What is the average annual humidity for regions with rainforests?

A

> 77% (Exceeding 77%)

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8
Q

Where are the tropical evergreen forests chiefly found? [Green marker]

A
  1. Western slopes of Western Ghats
  2. Hills of North-Eastern regions
  3. Tamil Nadu Coast
  4. Lakshadweep islands
  5. Andaman and Nicobar islands
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9
Q

What are the characteristic features of Tropical Evergreen Forests?

A
  1. They are warm and wet throughout the year, and hence have a luxurious variety of vegetation (sugarcane, vines, creepers, trees, bushes), which gives way to a multi-layered or mixed stands structure.
  2. The trees can grow up to more than 60m tall
  3. The carpet layer of herbs and grasses do not fare well in growth, since the dense canopy of trees does not allow much sunlight to reach the forest floor. Hence the forest floor plants are dark, shade-loving plants.
  4. They do not have a fixed time for shedding their leaves, bearing fruit or flowers and hence appear green throughout the year.
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10
Q

What are some trees that grow in tropical evergreen forests? REM Tea Coffee Sri Guru Tej

A
  1. Rosewood
  2. Ebony
  3. Mahogany
  4. Toon
  5. Chaplas
  6. Sissoo
  7. Gurjan
  8. Telsur
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11
Q

What is the economic value of tropical evergreen forest trees?

A

The trees are hardwood trees. The timber here is hard, durable and fine-grained, and termite-resistant.

Use: Furniture, Construction

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12
Q

Why have the tropical evergreen forests not been exploited to the maximum?

A
  1. The forests are a tangled unnavigable mass of creepers, vines, bushes, canes.
  2. There is a significant lack of means of transport to these areas
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13
Q

How many days does it rain for for tropical forests?

A

For most forests, it rains for 250 days, these are called 4 O’CLOCK SHOWERS.

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14
Q

What are the industrial uses of tropical rainforests?

A
  1. Charcoal
  2. Sawlogs
  3. Gums, resins and oils
  4. Pulpwood
  5. Plywood and veneer
  6. Industrial chemicals
  7. Medicines
  8. Genes for crops
  9. Tourism
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15
Q

What is the practice of rearing silkworms called?

A

Sericulture

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16
Q

What are the ecological uses of the rainforests?

A
  1. Protect watersheds
  2. Prevent flooding and landslides
  3. Control soil erosion
  4. Protect the climate (regulate CO2 and O2 release)
  5. Special ashes and woods
  6. Nuts and fruits
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17
Q

What are the subsistence uses of the evergreen rainforests?

A
  1. Fuelwood
  2. Charcoal
  3. Fodder for agriculture
  4. Building poles
  5. Pit sawing and saw milling
  6. Weaving materials
    and dyes
  7. Beekeeping and rearing silkworms.
18
Q

Mention 4 points to note about Tropical Deciduous Forests in general. [Imagine the scraggly white writing on the black card]

A
  1. They are the most widespread forests in India
  2. They are also called monsoon forests
  3. They are classified into two categories on the basis of the availability of water.
  4. They are trees of pure stands.
19
Q

Where are MOIST Deciduous Forests chiefly found? [Blue marker]

A
  1. North-eastern part of peninsula
  2. Eastern slopes of the Western Ghats
  3. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
  4. Foothills of the Himalayas
20
Q

How much rainfall do Moist Deciduous Forests receive?

A

Moderate/low rainfall of100-200 cm of rainfall annually.

21
Q

What is the annual average temperature of Moist Deciduous Forests?

A

24°C-27°C

22
Q

What is the annual average humidity for Moist Deciduous Forests?

A

[50-80]%

23
Q

What are the characteristics of Moist Deciduous Forests?

A
  1. From spring to early summer, for 6-8 weeks, these trees shed their leaves to conserve water as a result of an acute water shortage. The sub-soil does not contain enough moisture for the trees retain their leaves year-round.
  2. One particular species can be found over a large area.
  3. They are commercially the moist exploited forests of India.
24
Q

What are some examples of the trees that grow as a part of Moist Deciduous Forests? [STASSS My MP]

A
  1. Sal
  2. Teak
  3. Arjuan
  4. Shisham
  5. Semul
  6. Sandalwood
  7. Mahua
  8. Mulberry
  9. Palas
25
Q

What is the economic value of Moist Deciduous Forests?

A

They are commercially the most exploited forests in India. The timber is lumbered and used for railway tracks, construction and furniture. Sandalwood is a valuable product of these forests- is exported to foreign countries for a high price, where there is high demand.

26
Q

What is Mahua?

A

Mahua is a medicinal tree.

27
Q

Where are Dry Deciduous Trees distributed? [Red marker]

A
  1. Rainier parts of peninsular plateau
  2. Plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
28
Q

What is the average annual temperature in regions with Dry Deciduous Forests?

A

23°C-27°C

29
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in regions of Dry Deciduous Forests?

A

70-100 cm of rainfall per annum.

30
Q

What is the percentage of humidity in regions with Dry Deciduous forests?

A

[51-58]%

31
Q

What are some of the characteristic of Dry Deciduous Forests?

A
  1. They thrive between Moist Deciduous forest in the EAST and Tropical THORN forests in the WEST. [Wetter margins, they degrade into moist deciduous, and drier margins, into thorny forests]
  2. In the northern Indian plains and in the rainy areas of the Peninsular Plateau, forests have open stretches wherein teak and other trees are interspersed with patches of grass.
  3. During the dry season, trees shed their leaves completely and trees appear bare and naked, like grasslands.
32
Q

What are some trees that grow in the Dry Deciduous Forests? [House Kitchen]

A

Teak, Tendu, Sal, Rosewood, Amaltas, Bel, Khair, Axlewood

33
Q

What are the uses of Tendu and Bel?

A

Tendu- Beedi
Bel- Wood Apple

34
Q

What is the economics value of Dry Deciduous Forests?

A

These trees provide timber, fruits and vast tracts of land for agriculture.

35
Q

What is another name for Tropical Thorn Forests?

A

Tropical Desert Forests

36
Q

Where are Tropical Desert/Thorn Forests distributed? [Yellow marker]

A
  1. South-western Punjab
  2. Haryana
  3. Eastern and Central Rajasthan
  4. Uttar Pradesh
  5. Madhya Pradesh
  6. Maharashtra
  7. Karnataka
  8. Andhra Pradesh
37
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in the Tropical Desert Forest regions?

A

Below 50cm per annum.

38
Q

What is the mean annual temperature for Tropical Thorn Forests?

A

25°C-27°C

39
Q

What is the humidity percentage for Tropical Desert Regions?

A

Below 47% (<47%)

40
Q

Characteristic features of Tropical Thorn Forests?

A
  1. These forests have XEROPHYTIC vegetation- there are also coarse grasses and stunted trees due to rain scarcity
  2. Acacia and Babool have :
    - Long tap roots to reach deep groundwater reserves (can survive droughts)
    - Acacia long thorn and stinging ants have a symbiotic relationship (ants live in thorns and drink nectar, and attack oncoming animals)
  3. They remain leafless throughout the year and look like scrub vegetation.
41
Q

What are the names of some important trees of the Tropical Desert Forest? AB2CDK4N

A
  1. Acacia
  2. Babool
  3. Cactii
  4. Bel
  5. Date palm
  6. Khejri
  7. Kokko
  8. Khair
  9. Kanju
  10. Neem
42
Q

What is the economic value of Tropical Desert Forests? [FOUR MAIN TREES]- Ber, Babool, Date Palm, Neem

A

BER:
- Raw, pickle, beverages
- Hard, strong, tough, durable timber
- ABBC

BABOOL:
Bark and Gum have medicinal value

DATE PALM:
Eaten raw, astringent, decoction for illness

NEEM:
-Bark and roots have medicinal properties
-Oil, leaves and extracts are used for health and beauty products
-Insecticide

Geography (3 decks)

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