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Tox > Natural Toxins > Flashcards

Natural Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

Poison ivy effect

A

Dermatitis in 79% exposed

Soluble in rubber

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2
Q

Giant hogweed

A

Furanocoumarins, causes burns, UV sensitive

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3
Q

Mitotic inhibitors

A

Autumn crocus - colchicine

American mandrake - podophylline

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4
Q

Mitotic inhibitors mechanism

A

Bind to micro tubular structures, inhibit normal cell division, leukocyte migration, atonal transport

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5
Q

Mitotic inhibitors effect

A

Oral pharyngeal burning, N, V, D, colicky abdominal pain, sudden cv collapse

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6
Q

Rosary pea/jequirty bean

A

Abrin, plant lectin (toxalbumin)

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7
Q

Rosary pea mechanism

A

Inhibits protein synthesis I intestinal wall

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8
Q

Rosary pea symptoms

A

NVD, loss of intestinal function, latency period 3 hrs

Not harmful if swallowed unbroken

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9
Q

Abrin/ricin mechanism

A

2 subunits: B binds to cell wall penetrates, A inhibits 60S ribosome

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10
Q

Castor bean

A

Ricin

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11
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Abrin, ricin, colchicine, podophylline
Anticancer: with patients in complete remission after autologous bone marrow transplantation for B cell non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Linked to tumour seeking antibody

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12
Q

Ackee fruit

A

Hypoglycin A

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13
Q

Ackee fruit effect

A

Hypoglycaemia, Jamaican vomiting syndrome

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14
Q

Hypoglycin A mechanism

A

Irreversibly binds to Coenzyme A, and is also converted to methylene-cyclopropyl acetic acid, which inhibits enzymes involved in breakdown of acyl-coenzyme A compounds, thus interferes with beta oxidation of fatty acids

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15
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A

Foxglove, lily of the valley, oleander

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16
Q

Cardiac glycosides cause

A

Bradycardia, hypotension

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17
Q

Foxglove mechanism

A
  • precursor (aglycone or genin)
  • digitalis
  • inhibits Na K ATPase on basolateral side of membrane, increase intracellular Na and Ca - enhanced muscle contraction in cardiac tissue, slows rate of contraction
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18
Q

Toxalbumins

A

Abrin (rosary pea), ricin (castor bean)

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19
Q

Foxglove effect

A

NV, hyperkalemia, ECG changes, visual disturbances

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20
Q

Yew

A

Alkaloids Taxine A and B

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21
Q

Taxine A and B

A

Na channel blockers, beneficial in cancer treatments

22
Q

Yew symptoms

A

Dizziness, dry mouth, mydriasis, cramping, salivation, emesis, bradycardia, death due to cardiac or respiratory failure

23
Q

Monkshood

A

Aconitine

- prolongs opening of voltage gated Na channels

24
Q

Monkshood symptoms

A

Paresthesias (mouth tingling), cns depression, enhanced myocardial contractility and automaticity, cardiac arrhythmia a, respiratory depression, seizures

25
Q

Poison hemlock

A

Coniine, alkaloid related to nicotine

26
Q

Coniine

A

Cholinergic excess, weakness, paralysis

27
Q

Water hemlock

A

Cicutoxin

28
Q

Cicutoxin

A

Noncompetitive gaba antagonist causes cns excitation and seizures

29
Q

Deadly nightshade

A

Anticholinergic alkaloids: hyoscyamine, atropine, scopolamine

30
Q

Deadly nightshade effects

A

Headache, nausea, dry skin and mouth, tachycardia, mydriasis, urinary retention

31
Q

Solanaceous alkaloids

A

Central steroid like structure (aglycone), and attached sugar molecules. Common potato

32
Q

Potato toxicity

A

Glycoalkaloid - irritates mucus of gi causes NVD
In stomach hydrolyzes and absorbed
Absorbed toxin produces neurological symptoms: mydriasis, lethargy, delirium, hallucinations, CNS depression, rare death. Myocardial effects are similar to cardiac glycosides

33
Q

Rhubarb

A

Soluble oxalates present in leaves, bond calcium and cause hypocalcemia and kidney dysfunction

34
Q

Pointsettia

A

Mild mucous irritation

35
Q

Mistletoe

A

Leave sand stem

Phoratoxin (toxalbumin), inhibits protein synthesis in intestinal wall

36
Q

Death cap

A
  • Heat stable amatoxins

- inhibit RNA polymerase II in hepatocytes, inhibits protein synthesis and results in cellular death

37
Q

Death cap symptoms

A
  • 6-12 hrs onset

- NV, intestinal pain, profuse water diarrhea, symptoms free period and hepatic insufficiency (need transplant)

38
Q

false morrel

A

Contains hydrazine, gyromitrin, which are hydrolyzed to active toxin monomethylhydrazines

39
Q

False morrel effect

A

Abdominal discomfort, severe headache, seizures
-onset 6 hrs
Extract toxin by air drying or boiling

40
Q

Clitocybe and inocybe

A
  • Contain muscarine
  • onset 30 min
    Antidote atropine
  • symptoms: sweating, tearing, increased bronchial secretions, small pupils, vomiting, diarrhea
41
Q

Ink cap

A
  • 30 min, +alcohol - toxic
  • contains Coprine, converted to cyclopropanone hydrate, metabolite inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
  • symptoms: headache, nausea, vomiting, flushing, palpitations, chest pain, low BP
42
Q

Fly agaric

A
  • delirium, drowsiness, coma. Dizziness, ataxia, euphoria, muscle twitching, dream filled sleep
  • ibotenic acid, muscimol (GABA agonist)
43
Q

Magic mushrooms (psilocybe)

A
  • psylocibin
  • 30 min
  • hallucinogenic without drowsiness, NV
44
Q

Poison ivy active substance

A

Urushiol

45
Q

Highly toxic plants with GI symptoms

A

Ackee fruit, cardiac glycosides, yew needles, Monkshood, poison hemlock, water hemlock, deadly nightshade, solanaceous alkaloids (potato)

46
Q

Easily exposures plants (commonly around)

A

Rhubarb, Pointsettia, mistletoe, mushrooms

47
Q

Fast onset mushrooms

A

Clitocybe, inocybe, ink cap, magic mushrooms

48
Q

Slow onset mushrooms

A

Death cap, false morrel

49
Q

Hallucinogenic Mushrooms

A

Magic mushrooms, fly agaric (euphoria, delirium, dream filled sleep)

50
Q

Mushrooms that cause seizures

A

False morrel

51
Q

Mushrooms with active metabolites

A 
Ink cap (Coprine-> cyclopropanone hydrates inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase)
False morel (hydrazine and gyromitrin hydrolyzed to active monomethylhydrazines)

Tox (2 decks)

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