Natural selection and breeding

Question 1

what is intraspecific variation?

Answer 1

intraspecific variation is variation between animals from the same species

Question 2

what is interspecific variation?

Answer 2

interspecific variation is variation between different species.

Question 3

selective breeding

Answer 3

where humans breed plants or animals to exhibit particular characteristics(AKA artificial selection).

Question 4

allele?

Answer 4

each form of a gene

Question 5

characteristic?

Answer 5

a distinguishing trait, quality or property

Question 6

embryo?

Answer 6

the body of an organism in its early stage development from a zygote. made up of unspecialised cells.

Question 7

zygote?

Answer 7

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes

Question 8

somatic cell?

Answer 8

cells that make up an organism which are not gametes, germ cells of stem cells.

Question 9

gamete

Answer 9

sex cells(ova/sperm)

Question 10

enucleate?

Answer 10

to remove the nucleus from the cell

Question 11

mitosis

Answer 11

a type of cell division where 2 identical diploid cells are formed. used to make non reproductive cells.

Question 12

surrogate

Answer 12

carries a foetus conceived by another female organism

Question 13

natural selection

Answer 13

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

Question 14

adaptation

Answer 14

the process by which an organism or species becomes better suited to the environment.

Question 15

clone

Answer 15

a genetically identical cell or organism

Question 16

process of cloning

Answer 16

a nucleus is taken from a body cell(somatic cell). this nucleus is put into an enucleated ovum cell. The cell is given a mild electric shock to help it divide in a process called mitosis. a ball of cells is produced(embryo).. it is then placed into the uterus of the surrogate mother.

Question 17

reasons for selective breeding

Answer 17

-usefulness
-appearance
disease resistance in food crops
animals which produce more meat and milk

Question 18

Advantages of cloning

Answer 18

Increase in population of endangered animals.
Animals that find it difficult to breed can produce off spring.
Improves/ increase food supply

Question 19

Disadvantages of cloning.

Answer 19

Reduction in genetic variation

Unable to adapt to new environments.

Question 20

problems with selective breeding

Answer 20

genetic mutations
defects in plants/ animals
reduces variety

Question 21

will all selectively bred animals look the same?

Answer 21

no because;
depends on environments
diff. types of soils
nitrates- protein for growth
water- photosynthesis(🌿)
wind-reduced height of plant
magnesium-chlorophyll for 🌿

Question 22

selective breeding in plants(steps)

Answer 22

1. decide characteristics
   2.select the plants that have this characteristic.
2. use cotton bud to collect pollen from selected plants.
   4.uncover stigmas. brush pollen onto them.
3. cover plant
   6.some pollen grains grow tubes. pollen cell nuclei move down and fuse with egg nuclei(fertilisation)
   7.let it develop
   8.collect plant and seed
   9.wait for seed to grow into plant.
   10 repeat!!!!!!