natural selection Flashcards
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DNA
a molecule that is present of all living cells and that contains the info that determinants the traits that a living things inherits and needs to live.
Nucleotide
a nucleic-acid chain, a sub unit that consists of a sugar a phosphate and a nitrogenous base.
Mutations
a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule
Adaptation
a characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Species
a group of organizes that are closely related
Evolution
the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Fossils
the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.
Fossil Record
A term used by paleontologists ( see paleontology) to refer to the total number of fossils that have been discovered, as well as to the information derived from them.
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, FRS FRGS FLS FZS was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
Trait
a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.
Selective Breeding
also known as artificial selection, is a process used by humans to develop new organisms with desirable characteristics.
Natural Selection
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
Generation Time
In population biology and demography, the generation time is the average time between two consecutive generations in the lineages of a population. In human populations, the generation time typically ranges from 22 to 33 years.
Speciation
the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Primates
the chief bishop or archbishop of a province.
Hominid
a primate of a family ( Hominid ) that includes humans and their fossil ancestors and also (in recent systems) at least some of the great apes.
Homo sapiens
Humans are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina. They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion
Chargaff’s Rules
Chargaff’s rules state that DNA from any cell of any organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine.
Watson and Crick
The two twentieth-century biologists (James D. Watson of the United States and Francis H. C. Crick of England) who discovered the double helix of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite.
