natural selection

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live.

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

Question 3

Mutations

Answer 3

a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule

Question 4

Adaptation

Answer 4

a character that improves an individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular enviorment

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring

Question 6

Evolution

Answer 6

the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise

Question 7

fossil

Answer 7

the remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geological process

Question 8

fossil record

Answer 8

a historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found i n layers of the Earths crust

Question 9

Charles Darwin

Answer 9

a man that collected thousands of plant and animal samples

Question 10

trait

Answer 10

a genetically determined characteristic

Question 11

selective breeding

Answer 11

the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired characteristics

Question 12

natural selection

Answer 12

the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do ; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution

Question 13

generation time

Answer 13

the period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation

Question 14

speciation

Answer 14

the formation of new species as a result of evolution

Question 15

primates

Answer 15

a type of mammal characterized by opposable thumbs and binocular vision

Question 16

hominid

Answer 16

a type of primate characterized by bipedalism, relatively long lower limbs, and lack of a tail ; examples include humans and their ancestors

Question 17

homo sapiens

Answer 17

the species of hominids that includes modern humans and their closest ancestors and that first appeared about 100,000 to 150,000 years ago

Question 18

chargaff’s rules

Answer 18

the phenomenon that whatever the amount of adenine in the DNA of an organism, the amount of thymine is the same

Question 19

Watson and Crick

Answer 19

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a double-stranded, helical molecule. It consists of two sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside, held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of nitrogenous bases on the inside.

Question 20

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 20

Rosalind Franklin and the Discovery of DNA