Natural Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

Genetic Drift

A
  • Random
  • a major short term cause of change in alleles
  • random change due to sampling error
  • depends on population size= inverse relationship
  • bottleneck
  • eventually causes loss in genetic variation
  • founder effect
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2
Q

founder effect

A
  • a few disperse to another area and are the founders

- type of genetic drift

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3
Q

spatial subdivision

A

patchy food, nesting sites, or other habitat features

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4
Q

Gene Flow

A
  • movement of individuals or gametes between subpopulations
  • migration
  • keep populations from becoming different from each other genetically
  • counteracts genetic drift
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5
Q

Local gene flow

A

slows down rate of adaptation

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6
Q

Global gene flow

A

speeds up rate of adaptation

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7
Q

characteristics of NON evolving population

A
  • no net mutations
  • population large:no genetic drift
  • population isolated: no gene flow
  • mating is random
  • no natural selection
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8
Q

Natural Selection

A
  • adaptive changes

- allows organisms to track changes in local environments

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9
Q

adaption

A

process where a characteristic is improved for specific function

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10
Q

3 conditions for Natural Selection

A
  • phenotypic variation
  • fitness differences
  • underlying genetic variation
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11
Q

fittness

A

measure of relative reproductive success

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12
Q

w=

A

fittness

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13
Q

juvenilization

A

keeping pup characteristics

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14
Q

pleitropy

A

where a single gene simultaneously affect multiple traits

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15
Q

duplications

A

important in the evolution of gene families

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16
Q

prevent natural selection

A

all phenotypic variation is caused by environment