Natural Selection

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, both of which are essential biomolecules in all life-forms on Earth

Question 3

Chargaff’s Rules

Answer 3

Chargaff’s rules state that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine

Question 4

Watson and Crick

Answer 4

The discovery in 1953 of the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology

Question 5

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 5

Rosalind Elsie Franklin was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite

Question 6

Mutations

Answer 6

In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements

Question 7

Adaptation

Answer 7

something produced by adapting: an adaptation of a play for television. 4. Biology. any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its parts that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment

Question 8

Species

Answer 8

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. The species is the principal natural taxonomic unit, ranking below a genus and denoted by a Latin binomial

Question 9

Evolution

Answer 9

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations

Question 10

Fossils

Answer 10

A fossil is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, hair, petrified wood, oil, coal, and DNA remnants

Question 11

Fossil Record

Answer 11

fossil record definition. A term used by paleontologiststo refer to the total number of fossils that have been discovered, as well as to the information derived from them

Question 12

Charles Darwin

Answer 12

Charles Robert Darwin, FRS FRGS FLS FZS was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution

Question 13

Trait

Answer 13

In biology, a trait or character is a feature of an organism. The term phenotype is sometimes used as a synonym for trait in common use, but strictly speaking, does not indicate the trait, but the state of that trait

Question 14

Selective Breeding

Answer 14

Selective breeding is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females

Question 15

Natural Selection

Answer 15

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time

Question 16

Generation Time

Answer 16

In population biology and demography, the generation time is the average time between two consecutive generations in the lineages of a population. In human populations, the generation time typically ranges from 22 to 32 years

Question 17

Speciation

Answer 17

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which biological populations evolve to become distinct species

Question 18

Primates

Answer 18

A primate is a mammal of the order Primates. In taxonomy, primates include two distinct lineages, strepsirrhines and haplorhines

Question 19

Hominid

Answer 19

The Hominidae, whose members are known as great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera

Question 20

Homo sapiens

Answer 20

Homo sapiens is the binomial nomenclature for the only known extant human species. Homo is the human genus, which also includes Neanderthals and many other extinct species of hominin; H. sapiens is the only surviving species of the genus Homo