Natural Selection

Question 1

Explain the role of natural selection in evolution.

Answer 1

Natural selection allows for greater frequency of traits in organisms suited to the environment by allowing organisms with favourable traits to have greater likelihood of survival and reproduction, (developing new types of organisms through long-term accumulation of genetic differences.)

Question 2

variation and competition lead to

Answer 2

variation and competition lead to differential survival of, and reproduction by, those organisms best fitted to the environment.

Question 3

Process of natural selection

Answer 3

There exists variation in (desirable trait) in the population.
With (organisms) with (desirable trait) more able to (catch prey,) than (no desirable trait): compare
They are more likely to survive and produce offspring with trait.
Over many generations, the (trait) becomes more common in the population.

Question 4

environmental factors that act as forces of natural selection.

Answer 4

Predation
Competition for resources
Habitat loss
Human destruction
Climate change

Question 5

Evolution due to different habitats

Answer 5

Different environment conditions exert differential selection pressures on populations that cannot mate when put together, forming a new species.

Question 6

Artificial Selection definition

Answer 6

Purposeful breeding of domesticated animals by continuous removal of undesirable progeny which results in a deliberate genetic change

Question 7

examples of artificial selection

Answer 7

production of economically important plants and animals.

Question 8

Process of artificial selection

Answer 8

(Animals) with (desired trait) are selected as parents to produce many offspring with (trait).
Offspring with (trait) are kept for (purpose) and selected as parents for breeding the next generation.
Offspring without (trait) are killed.

Question 9

Define asexual reproduction

Answer 9

process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.

Question 10

Define sexual reproduction

Answer 10

process involving the fusion of nuclei to form a zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring.

Question 11

reproductive strategies (asexual)

Answer 11

Binary fission, vegetative propagation, fragmentation and regeneration, budding

Question 12

types of reproduction

Answer 12

asexual, sexual

Question 13

Advantages of asexual

Answer 13

When environmental conditions are favourable for faster rate of reproduction (time and energy)
Population can perpetuate itself even if its individual members are isolated from each other. (Eliminate the need to find a mate)
Allow for all desirable traits to pass down to offspring.

Question 14

Advantages of sexual

Answer 14

When environmental conditions are not favourable

Allows for genetic variation and shift to allow the new offspring to adapt better to drastic environmental changes.