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BREE 327: Bio-Environmental Engineering > Natural Resources > Flashcards

Natural Resources Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Natural resources

A

Natural assets occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption

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2
Q

Biotic resources

A

Resources derived from the biosphere

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3
Q

Abiotic resources

A

Resources derived from non-living and non-organic sources

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4
Q

Actual resources

A

Resources that have been surveyed and quantified and are currently being extracted

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5
Q

Reserve resources

A

The portion of the actual resource that have yet to be extracted

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6
Q

Potential resources

A

Resources that are viable to extract but are not at present

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7
Q

Stock resources

A

Resources that are not currently viable to extract

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8
Q

Non-renewable resources

A

The rate of replenishment is far exceeded by their rate of consumption

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9
Q

Non-renewable resources: Bulk Metals

A

Iron
Aluminum
Copper

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10
Q

Non-renewable resources: Technological critical elements

A

Neodymium
Indium
Tantalum

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11
Q

Non-renewable resources: Fossil fuels

A

Coal
Oil
Natural Gas

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12
Q

Non-renewable resources: Aggregates

A

Limestone
Sand

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13
Q

Renewable Resources

A

The rate of natural replenishment is equal to or exceeds its rate of consumption

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14
Q

Theoretically inexhaustible renewable resources

A

Human use measurably impacts availability
- Biomass
- Land

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15
Q

Inexhaustible renewable resources

A

Human use does not measurable impact availability
- Solar
- Wind
- Water
- Wave

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16
Q

Wind (generation, use, potential, human use, challenges)

A

Generation: Temperature and pressure differentials, Coriolis Effect

Uses: Energy

Potential: 10,800 EJ/year or 22 times annual global energy use

Human Use: 0.25%

Challenges: Power density, transmission, rare earth-metals

17
Q

Biomass (generation, use, production, human use, challenges)

A

Generation: Carbon cycle

Uses: Food, fiber, fuels, building material

Production: net primary production (NPP) of 104.9 Pg C/year

Human use: about 23% of NPP

Challenges: Land degradation, biodiversity loss, extreme weather

18
Q

Land (generation, use, availability, human use, challenges)

A

Generation: Volcanic activity, land reclamation

Uses: Habitat agriculture, minerals, disposal, recreation

availability: 131x10^6 km^2

Human use:
- 26% grazing
- 12% cropland
- 20-34% estimated to have very low human-influence

Challenges: Desertification, erosion, nutrient stripping, soil carbon loss, pollution

19
Q

Solar (generation, use, potential, human use, challenges)

A

Generation: Fusion in sun

Uses: Energy, light

Potential: 6.6*10^5 EJ/year usable Solar irradiance or 10,000 times global energy use

Human Use: 14 EJ/year in 2020

Challenges: Transmission, rare earth-metals, sand

20
Q

Water (generation, use, availability, human use, challenges)

A

Generation: Static (Hydrological Cycle)

Uses: Nourishment, agriculture, industry, recreation, cleaning, energy

Availability: 693,000 km3

Human Use: 4,600 km3/year (70% for irrigation)

Challenges: Drought, distribution, pollution

21
Q

Wave (generation, use, potential, human use, challenges)

A

Generation: Wind, tides

Uses: Energy

Potential: 63 EJ/year or global electricity consumption

Human Use: 0.00576 EJ/year in 2020

Challenges: Power density, transmission, rare-earth metals, engineering

22
Q

Global trends: Renewable energy growth

A

Solar PV and wind power are experiencing rapid growth in terms of installed capacity, marking a shift toward cleaner energy sources.

23
Q

Global trends: Material use

A

The demand for non-metallic minerals has surged, while the use of fossil fuels remains significant but has slowed in growth compared to past decades.

24
Q

Global trends: Energy consumption

A

Oil, gas, and coal still dominate global energy consumption, though the rise of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly important in the energy mix, particularly since the 2000s.

25
Q

Complicating factors

A
  • Scarcity breeds ingenuity
  • Scarcity breeds conflict
  • We need non-renewables to make renewables

BREE 327: Bio-Environmental Engineering (9 decks)

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