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Ethics AS > Natural Law > Flashcards

Natural Law Flashcards

1
Q

What is natural law

A

Normative theological ethical theory based on the work of Aristotle

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2
Q

What are Aquinas’ 3 perception

A

Key set of goals which he identifies as good

3 groups

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3
Q

What is group 1 of Aquinas’ precepts?

A

Basic inclination to go existing which all things share

Basic moral principle to preserve life

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4
Q

What is group 2 of Aquinas’ precepts?

A

Natural tendency which humans and animals share to mate and bring up their young

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5
Q

What is group 3 of Aquinas’ precepts?

A

Distinctively human ends accessible through reason

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6
Q

What does Aquinas think ‘good’ is

A

Whatever a man naturally seeks as goal

Good should be done and evil avoided

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7
Q

What are the 5 primary precepts and what group are they in?

A 
POWER
Preservation of life - G1
Reproduction - G2
Education - G2
Live in an ordered society - G3
Worship God - G3
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8
Q

What are secondary precepts?

A

Produced when primary precepts are applied to specific situations
Not as absolute and only apply in certain situations
E.g national laws vary

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9
Q

What are Aquinas’ universal laws and why did he make them?

A

Develops natural law on his Summa Theologica so it fits with Christian theology

Eternal law
Divine law
Natural law
Human law

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10
Q

What is eternal law

A

Gods will for how the universe is to be
Mind of God, so we have limited understand that’s why we have to use reason to find our goals
Within are laws that govern the creation of universe and life cycles

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11
Q

What is divine law

A

The law of God which is revealed to humans through the bible

Jesus brought divine law with him and taught it through sermon in the mount

Teaches us what we are capable of knowing

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12
Q

What is natural law

A

Do good and avoid evil

Right reason in accordance with human nature

Worked out by what is good for human flourishing.

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13
Q

What is human law

A

Laws made by process of rational argument

Must be In accordance with natural law or not justified

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14
Q

Quote from Bible to support natural law

A

The law that is written in men’s hearts

Romans 2:15

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15
Q

What theory did Aquinas reject

A

Divine command theory
Belief that something is right because God command it

He argues rightness in itself

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16
Q

What is Christian humanism

A

Idea that morality is rooted in reason rather than scripture, it is justified and developed in scripture

17
Q

What are 3 terms that describe his theory

A

Absolutism because laws are the same regardless of situation. Universal norms

Deontological- acts are intrinsically good you don’t commit an action for the consequences

Legalism - the idea that people should invest religious laws in order to be good

18
Q

How does Aquinas think we know how act morally?

Quote to support this

A

Unique ability of reason which is God given

Quote- the moral life is the life according to reason

19
Q

Gerard Hughes opinion

A

In Cambridge dictionary of philosophy he says

It is through natural law in which humans are made distinct to everything else in the natural world

20
Q

Advantages of natural law

A

Fair set of universal rules
Humans are at the centre of the approach
Use reason so can’t control secondary precepts
Helps form structured communities
Rational - common sense
Based on empirical observations
Flexible allows secondary precepts according to culture
All - encompassing- some issues genetics not in Bible

21
Q

Disadvantages of natural law

A

Hardy and Gross say Aquinas view of human nature is too simple
Natural instincts could be gained through evolution and not God
Leases to immoral outcomes
Double effect
Agape- Jesus opposed legalism
Outdated
Naturalistic fallacy - is ought

22
Q

What is the telos

A

Things on earth seek to achieve the goal

23
Q

What did Aristotle think our telos was

A

To flourish as a community as he didn’t believe in life after death

24
Q

Ius and lex

A

Lex is the letter of the law

Ius is the principle of the law

25
Q

What is the double effect

A

An action can have more than one effect

What matter is the intention

Ethics AS (8 decks)

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