Natural increase as a component of population change

Question 1

Natural increase

Answer 1

the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths in a given region.

Question 2

Carrying capacity

Answer 2

the largest population that the resources of a given environment can support

Question 3

Low-income countries (LICs)

Answer 3

defined by the World Bank as countries with a gross national income per capita of US$1045 or less in 2014, calculated using the Atlas method.

Question 4

High-income countries (HICs)

Answer 4

defined by the World Bank as countries with a gross national income per capita above US$12735 in 2014, calculated using the Atlas method.

Question 5

Population momentum

Answer 5

the tendency for population growth to continue beyond the time that replacement-level fertility has been achieved because of a relatively high concentration of people in the childbearing years. This situation is due to past high fertility rates, which result in a large number of young people.

Question 6

Net migration

Answer 6

the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.

Question 7

Crude birth rate (or Birth rate)

Answer 7

number of births per thousand population in a given year. It is only a very broad indicator as it does not take into account the age and sex distribution of the population.

Question 8

Fertility rate

Answer 8

the number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-49 years in a given year.

Question 9

Total fertility rate

Answer 9

the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman (or group of women) during her lifetime, is she were to pass through her childbearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year.

Question 10

Replacement level fertility

Answer 10

the level at which each generation has just enough children to replace themselves in the population. Although the level varies for different populations, a total fertility rate of 2.12 children is usually considered as replacement level.

Question 11

Crude death rate (or Death rate)

Answer 11

the number of deaths per thousand population in a given year. It is only a very broad indicator as it is heavily influenced by de age structure of the population.

Question 12

Quality of life

Answer 12

the standard of living covering economic, social and other factors that are important to people´s lives.

Question 13

Infant mortality rate

Answer 13

the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per thousand live births in a given year.

Question 14

Life expectancy (at birth)

Answer 14

the average number of years a person may expect to live when born, assuming past trends continue.

Question 15

Population structure

Answer 15

the composition of a population, the most important elements of which are age and sex.

Question 16

Age/sex structure diagram

Answer 16

a bar chart, arranged vertically, that shows the distribution of a population by age and sex.

Question 17

Sex ratio

Answer 17

the number of males poer 100females in a population

Question 18

Dependency ratio

Answer 18

the ratio of the number of people aged under 15 and over 64 years to those aged 15-64 years

Question 19

Middle-income countries (MICs)

Answer 19

defined by the World Bank as countries with a gross national income per capita of more than US$1045, but less than US$12735 in 2014, calculated using the Atlas method.

Question 20

Youth dependency ratio

Answer 20

the ratio of the number of people aged 0-14 to those aged 15-64 years

Question 21

Elderly dependency ratio

Answer 21

the ratio of the number of people aged 65 and over to those aged 15-64 years.