Natural hazards

Question 1

What happens at destructive plate margins?

Answer 1

• the more dense oceanic plate goes under the less dense continental plate
• the oceanic plate melts in the Earth’s mantle
• a pool of magma forms and roses through cracks in the crust
• the magma erupts onto the surface and forms a volcano

Question 2

What are the 3 types of plate margin?

Answer 2

Constructive
Destructive
Conservative

Question 3

What is a pyroclastic flow?

Answer 3

A super-heated current of gas, ash and rock following a volcanic eruption

Question 4

What are some primary effects of earthquakes?

List 4

Answer 4

Buildings and bridges destroyed
Injuries and death caused by collapsed buildings and falling debris
Road, railways, ports and airports damaged
Cables and pipes cut off

Question 5

What are some secondary effects of earthquakes?

List 7

Answer 5

Can trigger landslides and tsunamis
Leaking gas may be ignited, starting fires
People are left homeless
Shortage of clean water and sanitation
Limited transportation
Businesses are destroyed
Repair and reconstruction can be very expensive

Question 6

What are some immediate responses to earthquakes?

List 7

Answer 6

Rescue operations
Recovering dead bodies to prevent disease
Extinguish fires
Set up temporary shelters
Provide temporary supplies of water and food
Aid from foreign countries
Crisis responses services, eg. from Google

Question 7

What are some long term responses to earthquakes?

List 5

Answer 7

Re-house people who have been made homeless
Repair and rebuild damaged buildings and structures
Reconnect electricity, water and gas distribution
Improve building regulations for better protection next time
Set up initiatives to help economic recovery

Question 8

What are some primary effects of volcanic eruptions?

List 4

Answer 8

Buildings and roads destroyed by pyroclastic flows, debris and ash
People and animals injured
Crops damaged and water supplies contamination
People, animals and plants suffocated by volcanic gases

Question 9

What are some secondary effects of volcanic eruptions?

List 7

Answer 9

Mudflows and landslides
Flooding caused by melting snow on the volcano (made worse by ash clogged rivers)
Transport networks blocked
People left homeless
Tourism disrupted, through it often increases afterwards
Ash makes fields more fertile once it’s broken down
Recovery costs a lot of time and money

Question 10

What are some immediate responses to volcanic eruptions?

List 7

Answer 10

Evacuation
Food, water and shelter
First aid and treatment
Rescue for anyone cut off by blocked roads
Temporary supplies of electricity and gas
Foreign aid and donations
Disaster response tools, eg Google Crisis Response

Question 11

What are some long term responses to volcanic eruptions?

List 4

Answer 11

Repair and rebuild where possible
Reconnect infrastructure
Improve and update monitoring and evacuation plans
Boost the economy, eg promote tourism

Question 12

Why do people choose to live in risky areas, such as near volcanoes?
(List 6)

Answer 12

They may have always lived there
Employment in the area
Confident in the government response after a disaster
Sceptical of the chance of a disaster
Fertile soil around volcanoes
Tourist attractions

Question 13

What are the 4 categories of tectonic hazard management strategies?

Answer 13

Monitoring
Prediction
Protection
Planning

Question 14

What are the 7 main weather hazards to the UK?

Answer 14

Rain
Wind
Snow/ice
Thunderstorms
Hailstorms
Heat waves
Drought

Question 15

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Answer 15

Weather refers to the day-to-day atmospheric conditions

Climate is the average weather over a longer period of time