Natural Hazards Flashcards
What is a natural hazard?
A natural process which could cause death injury or disruption to humans or destroy property and possessions
What is a natural disaster?
A natural hazard that has actually happened
What are the two main types of hazards?
Geological hazards and meteorological hazards
What is a geological hazard?
Caused by land and tectonic processes such as volcanos and earthquakes
What is a meteorological hazard?
Caused by weather and climate examples are tropical storms
What are the three different factors that affect risk from natural hazards?
Vulnerability, capacity to cope and nature of natural hazards
How does vulnerability affect hazard risk?
More people in an area the greater the probability they will be affected by the natural hazards
How does capacity to cope affect the hazard risk?
The better a population can cope with an extreme event the lower the rust of being severely affected (example his can deal with it better )
How does capacity to cope affect the hazard risk?
The better a population can cope with an extreme event the lower the rust of being severely affected (example his can deal with it better )
How does nature of natural hazards affect the hazard risk from natural hazards?
Type- risk from some hazards are greater than others
Frequency-how often natural hazards occur
Magnitude- more severe natural hazards have the greatest affects
What are some examples is primary affects?
People that are injured or are killed
Buildings destroyed
Crops or water supplies that W damaged or contaminated
Electricity , gas or communications that is cut off
What are some examples of secondary affects
Other hazards like tsunami
Aid can’t get through
If crops are damaged
Country’s economy can become weakened
What are some examples if immediate responses?
Evacuation
Rating the injured
Providing temporary housing
Recovery dead bodies
Sending aid
What are some examples is long term responses?
Repair homes and buildings
Improve dealings with natural hazards
Improve buildings
Boost economy recovery
What are the two types of crust?
Oceanic and continental
What are the differences between continental and oceanic plates?
Continental
Less dense
Thick crust
Oceanic
Very dense
Thin crust
What are the 4 types of tectonic plates?
- Destructive (continental to continental)
- Destructive (continental to oceanic)
(In a destructive plate boundary, the plates nice toward each other) - Constructive (2 posted move away)
- Conservative margins (plate margins move past each other)
Where do volcanoes occur?
Constructive and destructive
Where do earthquakes occur?
All 3 tectonic plates
What’s an example of a HIC earthquake?
New Zealand 7.8 magnitude 2016
What is a secondary effect example of new zealand?
Earthquake triggered 100,000 landslides
Major landslide blocked rocket causing flooding and evacuation of 10 farms
Give me an example of a primary effect for New Zealand
2 people died
Tens of titans of homes damaged
60 people needed emergency housing
Give me an example of an immediate response doe new zealand
Tsunami warning
200 people evacuated
Power restored after a few hours
International warships sent with supplies
Give me an example of a long term response of new zealand
53 million provided by KDC to help with revuilding water shstems
Most of road and rail repaired within 2 years
Give me an example of a LIC techtonix hazard
Ghorka, Nepal, 2015 7.8 magnitude earthquake
Give me an example of a primary effect of Ghorka
9000 people died
22,000 injured
800,000 buildings damaged/destroyed
Give me an example of a secondary effect of Ghorka
Triggered an avalanche that killed 18 people
Give me an example of a long term response from Ghorka
Road from Nepal to Tibet reopened after 2 years
Many heritage sited reopened in June 2015 to encourage tourists
Give me an example of an immediate response from Ghorka
Charities like Oxfam provided medicine, food and temporary water supplies
Red cross set up emergency shelters for 130,000 people
Give me an example of an immediate response from Ghorka
Charities like Oxfam provided medicine, food and temporary water supplies
Red cross set up emergency shelters for 130,000 people
Why do people live in areas that are at sugar of tectonic hazards?
- always lived there
- confident government will support them
-minerals from volcanic ash so attracts farmers
-tourist attraction so a lot of jobs
What are the 4 management strategies to reduce the effect of tectonic hazards?
Monitoring- earthquakes can be monitored by seismometers
Prediction- volcanoes can be predicted, but earthquakes cant be reliably predicted
Protection- use reinforced concrete to absorb concretes energy
Planning- people can be educated or emergency supplies can be stockplied
What is global atmospheric circulation?
Transfer of heat from the equator to the poles by the movement of air
What are the 3 cells that the hemisphere has
Polar
Ferrel
Hadley
Whats an example of a tropical storm?
Typhoon Haiyan
Give me 3 examples of primary effects of typhoon haiyan
6300 dead
1 million houses damaged
1.9 people homeless
Give me 2 examples of typhoon Haiyan secondary
1 Flooding=several landslides= blocked road= delayed aid
2 5.6 million workers lost their jobs
Give me some immediate response examples of typhoon haiyan
-PAGSA gave warnings and 800,000 left
-Fishermen weren’t allowed to go to sea
Give me an example of a long term response for typhoon Haiyan
UN appealed for $300 million
Charities built new storm resistant homes
