natural hazards

Question 1

name two events in the UK that are evidence of climate change.

Answer 1

somerset flooding 2014
heatwaves in July 2022 reaching 40.3.

Question 2

How much did the Somerset floods 2014 cost to repair?

Answer 2

£10 million

Question 3

what are some impacts of the 2022 UK heatwaves?

Answer 3

forest fires and social fires broke out. A fire in London broke out, damaging up to 41 properties.

Question 4

Why do earthquakes and volcanos take place along destructive plate margins?

Answer 4

As one plate subducts, earthquakes appear and volcanos are brought up. Or, volcanos are formed as the subducted plate turns into magma.

Question 5

what happens at destructive plate boundaries?

Answer 5

when 2 plates collide and one is forced under the other. This is called subduction.

Question 6

name a tectonic hazard that took place in an LIC.

Answer 6

Nepal Earthquake 2015 (7.8)

Question 7

How many people did the earthquake in Nepal in 2015 kill and injure?

Answer 7

9000 dead
20,000 injured

Question 8

How much did the 2015 Nepal earthquake cost?

Answer 8

£5 billion.

Question 9

Name a tectonic hazard that took place in a HIC.

Answer 9

Chile 2013 (8.8)

Question 10

How many people did the Chile 2013 earthquake kill and injure?

Answer 10

500 dead
12,000

Question 11

how much did the 2013 Chile earthquake cost?

Answer 11

£30 billion

Question 12

name a social challenge after the Nepal 2015 earthquake

Answer 12

3 million were left homeless

Question 13

name a social challenge after Chiles 2013 earthquake

Answer 13

220,000 homes destroyed

Question 14

define a natural hazard

Answer 14

a natural event which threatens people or causes destruction

Question 15

what is the difference between the primary and secondary effects of hazards?

Answer 15

primary- direct result of the disaster e.g damanged buildings
secondary- the result of primary effects e.g fires

Question 16

give 3 reasons why people live near volcanoes

Answer 16

1. enhanced crop growth
2. good views
3. tourism offers a good economy + jobs

Question 17

give 2 ways areas are protected from earthquakes

Answer 17

1. earthquake proof buildings
2. earthquake drills

Question 18

air pressure

why are no deserts found along the equator?

Answer 18

as air rises at the equator, leading to low pressure and high rainfall

Question 19

what climate does a low air pressure area experience?

Answer 19

cool, cloudy and wet

as clouds will form when the air rises

Question 20

what climate will a high air pressure area experience?

why?

Answer 20

dry, hot and clear

as clouds won’t form as the air falls

Question 21

what is the coriolis effect?

Answer 21

where the wind blows diaganolly as it rotates on it’s axis, leading to unsettled weather

Question 22

give an example of an event formed by the coriolis effect

Answer 22

a tropical storm e.g typhoon Haiyan

Question 23

how many people died and were injured in Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 23

6000 dead
12,000 injured

Question 24

what is 1 social effect caused by Typhoon haiyan?

Answer 24

4.1 million were left homeless

Question 25

how much money did typhoon Haiyan cause in damages?

Answer 25

$3 billion

Question 26

where and when was typhoon haiyan?

Answer 26

2013, in the phillipines

south east asia

Question 27

what are the 4 ways to reduce the effects of natural hazards

Answer 27

monitor
predict
protect
plan

MPPP

Question 28

how much will the global sea level rise by 2100? what are impacts of this?

Answer 28

1m- severe flooding of land, such as bangladesh

Question 29

give 3 natural causes of climate change

Answer 29

1. Milankovitch cycles
2. volcanic activity
3. greenhouse effect

Question 30

milankovitch cycles

what is eccentricity?

Answer 30

when the Earths orbit of the sun changes from circular to elliptical.

this causes glacial (icy) and inter-glacial (warmer) periods

Question 31

milankovitch cycles

what is axial tilt?

Answer 31

when the earth’s axial tilt changes from 21.5 to 24.5 degrees every 41k years

points areas to and away from the sun

Question 32

milankovitch cycles

what is precession?

Answer 32

the natural wobble of the earth every 26,000 years

making seasons more extreme in one hemisphere

Question 33

what 3 gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect?

Answer 33

carbion dioxide
methane
nitrous oxide

Question 34

how does volcanic activity contribute to climate change?

Answer 34

either by adding more CO2 to the atmosphere, enhancing the greenhouse effect
or
by blocking out the sun, leading to global cooling

Question 35

give 1 link between air pressure and surface winds

Answer 35

wind blows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas

Question 36

give 1 way plants are adapted for a hot desert climate

Answer 36

long, deep roots to reach deep water supplies

Question 37

how does extreme temperatures and inaccessibility limit the thar deserts development?

Answer 37

temp- crops cannot grow, making it hard to economically develop
inaccess- transport to the area is expensive and insufficient

Question 38

how does debt reduction protect forests?

Answer 38

an agreement can be made that in return for debt reduction, a country will protect it’s forest

Question 39

name 2 factors which effect the impacts of natural hazards

Answer 39

population density
ability to cope