natural hazards Flashcards
name two events in the UK that are evidence of climate change.
somerset flooding 2014
heatwaves in July 2022 reaching 40.3.
How much did the Somerset floods 2014 cost to repair?
£10 million
what are some impacts of the 2022 UK heatwaves?
forest fires and social fires broke out. A fire in London broke out, damaging up to 41 properties.
Why do earthquakes and volcanos take place along destructive plate margins?
As one plate subducts, earthquakes appear and volcanos are brought up. Or, volcanos are formed as the subducted plate turns into magma.
what happens at destructive plate boundaries?
when 2 plates collide and one is forced under the other. This is called subduction.
name a tectonic hazard that took place in an LIC.
Nepal Earthquake 2015 (7.8)
How many people did the earthquake in Nepal in 2015 kill and injure?
9000 dead
20,000 injured
How much did the 2015 Nepal earthquake cost?
£5 billion.
Name a tectonic hazard that took place in a HIC.
Chile 2013 (8.8)
How many people did the Chile 2013 earthquake kill and injure?
500 dead
12,000
how much did the 2013 Chile earthquake cost?
£30 billion
name a social challenge after the Nepal 2015 earthquake
3 million were left homeless
name a social challenge after Chiles 2013 earthquake
220,000 homes destroyed
define a natural hazard
a natural event which threatens people or causes destruction
what is the difference between the primary and secondary effects of hazards?
primary- direct result of the disaster e.g damanged buildings
secondary- the result of primary effects e.g fires
give 3 reasons why people live near volcanoes
- enhanced crop growth
- good views
- tourism offers a good economy + jobs
give 2 ways areas are protected from earthquakes
- earthquake proof buildings
- earthquake drills
air pressure
why are no deserts found along the equator?
as air rises at the equator, leading to low pressure and high rainfall
what climate does a low air pressure area experience?
cool, cloudy and wet
as clouds will form when the air rises
what climate will a high air pressure area experience?
why?
dry, hot and clear
as clouds won’t form as the air falls
what is the coriolis effect?
where the wind blows diaganolly as it rotates on it’s axis, leading to unsettled weather
give an example of an event formed by the coriolis effect
a tropical storm e.g typhoon Haiyan
how many people died and were injured in Typhoon Haiyan?
6000 dead
12,000 injured
what is 1 social effect caused by Typhoon haiyan?
4.1 million were left homeless
how much money did typhoon Haiyan cause in damages?
$3 billion
where and when was typhoon haiyan?
2013, in the phillipines
south east asia
what are the 4 ways to reduce the effects of natural hazards
monitor
predict
protect
plan
MPPP
how much will the global sea level rise by 2100? what are impacts of this?
1m- severe flooding of land, such as bangladesh
give 3 natural causes of climate change
- Milankovitch cycles
- volcanic activity
- greenhouse effect
milankovitch cycles
what is eccentricity?
when the Earths orbit of the sun changes from circular to elliptical.
this causes glacial (icy) and inter-glacial (warmer) periods
milankovitch cycles
what is axial tilt?
when the earth’s axial tilt changes from 21.5 to 24.5 degrees every 41k years
points areas to and away from the sun
milankovitch cycles
what is precession?
the natural wobble of the earth every 26,000 years
making seasons more extreme in one hemisphere
what 3 gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect?
carbion dioxide
methane
nitrous oxide
how does volcanic activity contribute to climate change?
either by adding more CO2 to the atmosphere, enhancing the greenhouse effect
or
by blocking out the sun, leading to global cooling
give 1 link between air pressure and surface winds
wind blows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas
give 1 way plants are adapted for a hot desert climate
long, deep roots to reach deep water supplies
how does extreme temperatures and inaccessibility limit the thar deserts development?
temp- crops cannot grow, making it hard to economically develop
inaccess- transport to the area is expensive and insufficient
how does debt reduction protect forests?
an agreement can be made that in return for debt reduction, a country will protect it’s forest
name 2 factors which effect the impacts of natural hazards
population density
ability to cope
