Natural hazard primary and secondary effects

Question 1

Primary affects of a natural hazard

Answer 1

1) Buildings and roads are destroyed by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or tropical storms.
2) People are injured or killed e.g. when buildings collapse
3) Crops and water supplies can be damaged or contaminated.
4) Electricity cables, gas pipes and communication networks can be damages, cutting off supplies.

Question 2

Secondary effects of a natural hazard

Answer 2

1) the initial hazard can trigger other hazards, e.g. earthquakes can trigger tsunamis (enormous waves caused by seawater being displaced).
2) Aid and emergency vehicles can’t get through because of blocked roads or bridges- this can cause more deaths.
3) A shortage of clean water and lack of proper sanitation makes it easier for disease to spread.
4) Food shortages can occur if crops are damaged, livestock are killed or supply lines are blocked.
5) The country’s economy can be weakened- damage to businesses can cause unemployment and the reconstruction process can be expensive.