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NATURAL HAZARD Flashcards

1
Q

a natural process and event that is a potential threat to human life and property

A

natural hazard

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2
Q

3 types of natural hazard

A

Geologic Hazards

Hydrometeorological Hazards

Coastal Hazards

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3
Q

a hazardous event that occurs over a limited time span in a defined area.

A

disaster

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4
Q

a massive disaster that requires significant expenditure of money and a long time (often years) of recovery to take place

A

catastrophe

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5
Q
  • used to describe the complex interactions between the component sub-cycles of tectonic, rock, hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles
A

Geologic cycle

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6
Q

– involves the creation, movement, and destruction of tectonic plates

A

Tectonic cycle

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7
Q

– the largest of the geologic sub-cycles, and is linked to other sub-cycles.

A

Rocks cycle

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8
Q

is a natural geologic event that can endanger human lives and threaten human property.

A

geological hazard

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9
Q

is the trembling of the Earth’s surface that occurs when the energy in the form of strain in rock layers is released.

A

earthquake

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10
Q

Basic Earthquake Features:

A
  • epicenter
  • hypocenter
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11
Q

– place on the surface of the earth above where the ruptured rocks broke up to produce an earthquake

A

Epicenter

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12
Q

– directly below the focus. The point of initial breaking or rupturing within the earth

A

Hypocenter (focus)

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13
Q

Earthquakes are measured and compared by:

A
  • intensity
  • magnitude
  • moment magnitude
  • ritcher scale
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14
Q
  • effects of ground motion on people and structure
A

Intensity

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15
Q
  • amount of energy an earthquake released
A

Magnitude

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16
Q

– indicates the size of the earthquake with a decimal number.

A

Moment magnitude

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17
Q

– developed by famous seismologist Charles Ritcher

-Still used by some news reporters

A

Ritcher Scale

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18
Q

is a number which is measure if energy released in an earthquake

A

magnitude

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19
Q

is a measure of the strength of shaking during the earthquake

A

intensity

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20
Q

Effects of earthquakes and linkages with other natural hazards

A
  • Shaking and ground rupture
  • liquefaction
  • Regional changes in land elevation
  • landslides
  • fire
  • disease
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21
Q

is a downslope movement of a mass of rock, debris, earth, or soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris). A slope is a slant or incline on a land surface.

A

landslide

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22
Q

– mineral composition, degree of cementation or consolidation, the presence of zones of weaknesses

A

Earth material

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23
Q

– Topographic relief refers to the height of the hill or the mountain above the land below.

A

Topography and slope angle

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24
Q

– weather that is typical in a place over a period of years or decades.

A

Climate

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25
Q

– all the plants or plant life in a place.

A

Vegetation

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26
Q

is caused by spreading and sinking of lithospheric plates at plate boundaries that interact with other earth materials that produce magma.

A

Volcanic activity

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27
Q
  • molten rock under the earth’s crust
A

Magma

28
Q
  • molten rock erupted by a volcano to the earth’s surface
A

Lava

29
Q

– opening of a volcano through which lava and other volcanic materials are extruded onto the surface

A

Vent

30
Q

is an area where large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean.

A

Ring of Fire

31
Q

Classifications of volcanoes according to activity:

A
  • active
  • dormant
  • extinct
32
Q
  • currently erupting or showing signs of unrest (earthquakes, gas emissions)
A

Active

33
Q

– currently not active, but could become active again

A

Dormant

34
Q

– considered unlikely to erupt again

A

Extinct

35
Q

– Initiative may come from government officials or the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council.

A

Earthquake hazard reduction program

36
Q

is a process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that can endanger human lives and threaten human property

A

Hydrometeorological hazard

37
Q

Coined form the Greek word meaning “coil of snake”
•An area or center of low atmospheric pressure characterized by rotating winds

A

cyclones

38
Q

•In the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
•After a Caribbean word for evil god of winds and destruction

A

Hurricanes

39
Q

•in the Pacific Ocean west of International Dateline
•“scary wind” or “wind from four directions”

A

Typhoons

40
Q

is a general term for large thunderstorm complexes rotating around an area of low pressure that has formed over warm tropical or subtropical ocean water.

A

tropical cyclone

41
Q

are called tropical depressions and tropical storms.

A

Low intensity tropical cyclones

42
Q

are hurricanes/typhoon.

A

High intensity tropical cyclone

43
Q

– a large area of unsettled weather that is typically 200 to 600 km in diameter and has an organized mass of thunderstorms that persists for more than 24 hours.

A

Tropical disturbance

44
Q

– a tropical disturbance may become a tropical depression if winds increase and spiral around the area of disturbed weather to form a low-pressure center.

A

Tropical depression

45
Q

– once maximum sustained wind speeds increase to 63 km per hour, the depression is upgraded to a tropical storm and receives a name.

A

Tropical storm

46
Q

– if winds of a tropical storm increase in speed, it becomes a hurricane/ typhoon.

A

Hurricane/typhoon

47
Q

– clouds that spiral around the hurricane/typhoon

A

Rainbands

48
Q

– innermost band of clouds that has the most intense winds

A

Eyewall

49
Q

•a shift in winds that often causes a very rainy season or a very dry season.

A

Monsoon

50
Q

– from November to February. Gives cold temperatures and causes much rainfall over the eastern coast of the Philippines.

A

Northeast Monsoon

51
Q

– from July to September. Responsible for a great amount of rainfall during our wet season.

A

Southwest Monsoon

52
Q

– winds that reliably blow east to west just north and south of the equator.

A

Trade winds

53
Q

•The natural process of a river’s overbank flow is termed

.

A

flooding

54
Q

– any natural stream of water that flows in a channel
with defined banks (larger stream)

A

River

55
Q

– any natural stream of water that flows in a channel
with defined banks (larger stream)

A

River

56
Q

– any body of water that flows in channel

A

Stream

57
Q

– region drained by a single stream or river.

A

Drainage Basin

58
Q
  • water from rain or snow that flows over the surface of the ground into streams
A

Runoff

59
Q

– produced by intense rainfall of short duration over a relatively small area

A

Flash floods

60
Q

– cover a wide area and are usually produced by storms of long duration that saturate the soil and produce increased runoff

A

Downstream floods

61
Q
  • injury, loss of life; damage caused by swift currents, debris, and sediment to farms, homes buildings, railroads, bridges, roads, and communication systems.
A

Primary effects:

62
Q

(caused by disruption and malfunction of services and systems because of flood): short term pollution of rivers, hunger and disease, and displacement of persons who have lost their homes.

A

Secondary effects

63
Q

•A small-diameter column of violently rotating air developed within a convective cloud and in contact with the ground.

A

Tornado

64
Q

are created by a wide variety of coastal processes.

A

Coastal landforms

65
Q

– is defined as “the group of processes whereby debris or rock material is loosened and dissolved” (Thomas and Goudie, 2000).

A

Erosion

66
Q

•Storm surge is the local rise of sea level that results primarily from water that is pushed toward the shore by wind that swirls around a storm.

A

Storm surge

67
Q

two (2) mechanisms that cause the storm surge during an intense cyclone:

A

(1)stress exerted by wind on the water surface; and (2) low atmospheric pressure in the storm that pulls the sea surface.

ELS (6 decks)

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