Natural Fats and Oils Flashcards
1
Q
What are fats and oils?
A
In a group of esters, all have long carbon chains.
2
Q
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
A
Saturated fats have no double bonds.
3
Q
What is the test for unsaturation?
A
Bromine water goes from orange to colourless because an addition reaction occurs the with carbon-carbon double bond and forms a dibromo compound.
4
Q
Where do saturated and unsaturated fats come from?
A
Saturated - animals
Unsaturated - plants
5
Q
How do we make margarine?
A
- From unsaturated vegetable oils
- Harden oils by turning them into saturated compounds
- Hydrogen is bubbled through oil at about 200*C using a nickel catalyst
- Hydrogen reacts with double bonds and turns them into single bonds
6
Q
What does polyunsaturated mean?
A
There is more than one double bond.
7
Q
What is the problem of oil in water?
A
They are immiscible and need an emulsifier to not separate.
8
Q
What is saponification?
A
- Fat + sodium hydroxide —> soap + glycerol
- Ester forms one glycerol molecule and three soap molecules
