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natural disasters Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an earthquake

A

a sudden, violent shaking of the ground

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2
Q

what causes earthquakes

A

the release of tension that builds up in the crust sometimes

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3
Q

where do earthquakes happen?

A

on all 3 plate boundaries and faults

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4
Q

faults

A

small cracks

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5
Q

focus

A

the actual point on a focus where the earthquake occurs

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6
Q

epicenter

A

the point on the earths surface directly above the focus

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7
Q

Elastic rebound hypothesis

A

during the earthquake/right before the rocks become deformed and after an earthquake the rocks go back to normal

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8
Q

pyroclastic material

A

quick moving, swirling ball of hot rock debris, gas ect. that is a part of volcanic eruptions

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9
Q

what is a tsunami

A

a series of big powerful waves caused by an earthquake or volcanoes on the ocean floor

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10
Q

how is it dif than a normal wave

A

normal waves are caused by wind and are on the surface but tsunamis displace more water, go from floor to surface (normal just surface) caused by eq or volcano

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11
Q

What is a warning sign of a tsunami?

A

dramatic fall and rise in water levels/tide

receeding water

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12
Q

What are some effects of tsunamis?

A

cites destroyed and drowned in water
kills hundreds of thousands
wipes out buildings and houses

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13
Q

body waves

A

less destructive than surface, but teach us bat earths insides
2 types- p and s waves

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14
Q

surface waves

A

larger and more destructive than body waves, travel along the surface of earth and move slowly

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15
Q

surface and body compare and contrast

A

contrast
b-travel inside s-travel on surf.
less destructive more

compare
both are outcomes of earthquakes

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16
Q

s waves

A

secondary wave
slower wave
shake wave, vibrates, moves side to side
can only move through solids

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17
Q

p waves

A 
first wave
faster
push pull wave
straight 
can pass through solid and liq.
18
Q

How can you determine the relative distance of an earthquake, just by looking at a seismograph reading?

A

the distance btwn the s and p wave

19
Q

foreshocks

A

small earthquakes that sometimes come before a major earthquake

20
Q

aftershock

A

an earthquake that occurs sometime soon after an earthquake– can cause damage

21
Q

why do most earthquakes cause little damage and little loss of life

A

bc even great earth quakes release all of its elastic energy

22
Q

2 types of seismic waves

A

body and surface

23
Q

what are seismic waves

A

the energy produced from an earthquake that cause a vibration

24
Q

how are the earthquakes fault, epicenter and focus all related

A

the earthquake occurs on the fault. the eq’s focus occurs on the fault and the epicenter is directly above the focus which is on the fault.

25
Q

2 ways to measure earthquakes

A

richterscale and moment magnitude

26
Q

what is the richter scale

A

measures intensity

determined by reading changes in seismographic lines

27
Q

what is the moment magnitude

A

measures intensity of shaking
determined by studying deformed rocks and displacement of land along fault
more commonly used

28
Q

why are tsunamis dangerous

A

the force is v powerful and destructive

29
Q

what should people do after they receive a tsunami warning

A

leave and move

listen to radio and tv and try to get to a high point of a sturdy building

30
Q

beam girder

A

| | | | |

31
Q

steel arch

A

| |

32
Q

suspension

A 
/| | | \
        / | | | | | | | | \
    /| |  | | | | | | | | | |  \
----------------------------
|             |        |      |
33
Q

cantilever-truss

A

/-—/\
|xxxx|
——–
| | |

34
Q

cable stay

A 
/ \
    / /|\ \
   / / | \  \
 / /   |   \  \
--------------
       |
35
Q

bearings

A

absorb shock/ side-to-side vibrations and the deck from receiving brunt shaking
made of rubber or plastic btwn two rods

36
Q

shear links

A

to absorb most of the shaking lower down

they are made of cross beams that connect the towers

37
Q

what location is the least common for earthquakes to occur?

A

divergent boundary

38
Q

what location is the most common for earthquakes to occur?

A

fault

39
Q

If you were to be stranded during an earthquake, would you prefer the earthquake to measure a magnitude 2 or magnitude 8 on the Richter Scale. Explain.

A

A 2, because the Richter scale is set on a scale of 1-10 and is based on the intensity of shaking during an Earthquake.
1= not a lot of shaking
10= most shaking

40
Q

tsunamis occur where?

A

in the ocean

41
Q

what causes tsunamis

A

sudden movement of the ocean due to earthquakes, landslides on the sea floor, land slumping into the ocean, large volcanic eruptions

natural disaster science (1 decks)

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