Natural Disasters

Question 0

What is the lithosphere?

Answer 0

Lithosphere – Rigid outer layer, which consists of crust and the upper part of the mantle. Floats on the asthenosphere – upper part of the mantle.

Question 1

Form in to out label the MAIN sections of the Earth.

Answer 1

Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust

Question 2

What is the Moho discontinuity?

Answer 2

Moho discontinuity – the division between the crust and the mantle

Question 3

What is the sial?

Answer 3

Sial – Land part of the crust

Question 4

What is the sima?

Answer 4

Sima – Sea floor part of the crust but also runs underneath the continents.

Question 5

Three types of rocks?

Answer 5

Ingneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

Question 6

Igneous rock?

Answer 6

Igneous: “Fire” – formed by cooled magma (intrusive) or cooled lava (extrusive)

Question 7

Sedimentary rock?

Answer 7

Sedimentary: “Layered”- formed by the laying down of sediments (small fragments of rock)

Question 8

Metamorphic rock?

Answer 8

Metamorphic: “to change form” – formed by sedimentary or igneous rock that have been changed by great heat or pressure

Question 9

Who and when was continental drift discovered?

Answer 9

In 1912 a German meteorologist called Alfred Wegener

Question 10

When all continents were joined what was the landmass called?

Answer 10

Pangaea

Question 11

List 4 facts of proof that he was correct.

Answer 11

Shapes of continents fit into one another
Fossils and minerals found on different continents were the same
Coal was found in Antartica
Matching striations on different continents

Question 12

How do the continents move?

Answer 12

Heat in the mantle causes convection currents which cause the plate to move. Heat from below causes molten rock to expand and then rise to the top of the convection cell where it moves sideways and eventually downwards to complete the cell.

Question 13

What other thing does the heat from the mantle do?

Answer 13

As heat rises from the mantle it deforms the crust and breaks into large sections called tectonic plates. Most tectonic plates carry both oceans and continents.

Question 14

What are the edges of the plates called?

Answer 14

The edges of the plates are called plate boundaries.

Question 15

What is convergent movement?

Answer 15

Plates moving together.

Question 16

What is transform movement?

Answer 16

Plates moving side by side.

Question 17

What is divergent movement?

Answer 17

Plates moving apart.

Question 18

How is a Earthquake formed?

Answer 18

Plate movements cause cracks or faults in the crust. The faults produce great stresses which cause vibrations in the Earth’s crust. These vibrations are called earthquakes.

Question 19

What is the name used for the scale which measures the intensity of the Earthquake?

Answer 19

Richter Scale

Question 20

What is an Tsunami?

Answer 20

A tsunami is a series of great sea waves caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption. More rarely, a tsunami can be generated by a giant meteor impact with the ocean.

Question 21

In an earthquake, what is the point on the surface directly above the focus point? And what can occur here?

Answer 21

It is called the epicentre, and liquification can occur here.

Question 22

What is the focus if an earthquake?

Answer 22

The exact point where the earthquake occurred.

Question 23

What is the fault of an earthquake?

Answer 23

The line along which the earthquake occurred.

Question 24

What is volcanism?

Answer 24

The process where molten magma from the mantle moves to the Earth’s crust.

Question 25

What is the difference between ‘intrusive volcanism’ and ‘extrusive volcanism’?

Answer 25

Intrusive volcanism happens when the magma forms igneous intrusions into rocks of the Earth’s crust.
Extrusive volcanism happens when the magma erupts at the surface.

Question 26

List 5 ingneous intrusions.

Answer 26

Dyke
Sill
Lopolith
Pipe
Batholith

Question 27

What is the most common type of volcano?

Answer 27

Composite volcano

Question 28

What is a tropical cyclone?

Answer 28

A Tropical cyclone is a relatively small, intensely developed low pressure cell that usually occurs over warm oceans.