Natural Disasters Flashcards
What is a Hazard
An event
That’s poses a
THREAT
To
-life
-enviro
-economy
• A THREAT
• NATURAL OR HUMAN
• That has POTENTIAL
• To cause SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
• DISTRUPTIONS and DAMAGE
• EG FIRE HAZARD, ELECTRICAL HAZARD
• A hazard can lead to a disaster
What is a Disaster
A hazard that
HAS caused
Economic, social and environmental DAMAGE
To
-Environment
-Economy
- and/or loss of life
• A CATASTROPHIC EVENT
• That OCCURS SUDDENLY/UNEXPECTEDLY
• Causes SERIOUS DISRUPTIONS
• RESULTS in LOSS OR DAMAGE TO
• LIFE/PROPERTY/ENVIRONMENT
• EG NATURAL - EARTHQUAKES, LANDSLIDES, VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, TSUNAMIS, PANEDEMICS, HURRICANES & TORNADOES
What are 3 elements of damage caused by a disaster
- Economic - infrastructure (roads, housing, dams, power lines - water & elec) and cost of damage (money)
- Social - shock, trauma, PTSD, loss of life, family life
- Environmental - loss of biodiversity (trees, habitat, animals, ecosystems)
Compare a natural event versus man-made
What determines the severity of a hazard
SPASM DR FN
- S - SPEED OF ONSET
- P - PREDICTABILITY
- A - AREAL EXTENT
- S - SPATIAL CONCENTRATION
- M - MAGNITUDE
- D - DURATION
- F - FREQUENCY
- N - NUMBER OF HAZARDS
What is an EXOGENIC EVENT
• Hazard which ORIGINATES ABOVE THE SURFACE of the earth or IN THE ATMOSPHERE
What are 3 CATEGORIES of EXOGENIC HAZARDS
- ATMOSPHERIC (AIR) - eg weather - drought, blizzard, winds & hailstorms, hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, cyclones)
- HYDROSPHERIC - wave currents, tsunamis, water spouts, floods, whirlpools
- LITHOSPHERIC - landslides, erosion, shifting & avalanches
What is ENDOGENIC event
• Hazard which ORIGINATES INSIDE (plate) the surface of the earth
What are examples of ENDOGENIC EVENTS
Earthquakes
Sinkholes
Volcanos
Where do volcanoes occur
Along plate boundaries
RING OF FIRE - plate boundaries (NAZCA PLATE, COCOS PLATE (BOTH ON S AMERICA W COAST), JUAB DE FUCA PLATE (N AMERICA W COAST), ALEUTIAN ARC (N AMERICA TO JAPAN), PHILIPPINE PLATE, PACIFIC PLATE)
What are the 3 TYPES of PLATE BOUNDARIES
- CONVERGENT/DESTRUCTIVE - PLATES MOVE TOGETHER (CONVERGE) - forms TRENCH
- DIVERGENT/CONSTRUCTIVE - are called constructive boundaries as they build up the land - two tectonic plate move away from each other (volcanoes along mid oceanic ridge)
- TRANSFORM plate boundary - two plates move past each (in opposite directions)
3 TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES
Provide labels A to F for diagram below
A - Ash cloud
B - Side vent
C - conduit/main vent
D - crater
E - lava flow
F- Earths crust
What specific substance would be found in G - magma
Label diagram
A - Eruption cloud
B- vent
C - conduit
D - lava
E - layers of lava and ash
F- magma chamber
Label diagram
A - ash cloud
B- pyroclastic flow
C- crater
D - main vent
E - lava flow
F- magma chamber
G - volcanic bombs
H- secondary cone
I - secondary vent/side vent
Label diagram
A - ash cloud
B- pyroclastic flow
C- crater
D - main vent
E - lava flow
F- magma chamber
G - volcanic bombs
H- secondary cone
I - secondary vent/side vent
Answer questions
1 a) crust
b) tectonic plates or plates
c) lava
d) plate
e) tsunami
2 a) African plate
b) South American plate
3 Pacific plate
4 a) mantle
b) volcano
5a) shock waves
b) faults
Answer questions
1a) crust
b) mantle
c) inner core
d) outer core
2) North American plate, Eurasian plate
3a) crust or rock
b) lava
- Pacific plate
- Mt St Helens
6) African plate and South American plate, Eurasian plate and North American Plate, Pacific Plate and NAZCA Plate
7 a) faults
b) plate margins
What is Ash in the context of a Volcano
- Mixture of ROCKS, MINERALS and GAS PARTICLES
- expelled from volcano
- during eruption
What is magma
- Is the MOLTEN or SEMI-MOLTEN FLUID
- NATURAL MATERIAL
- from which ROCKS ARE FORMED
- found UNDERGROUND
- BENEATH SURFACE OF EARTH/WITHIN THE MAGMA CHAMBER
What is LAVA
- Is the hot MOLTEN or SEMI-MOLTEN
- FLUID
- ROCK
- ERUPTED from VOLCANO or FISSURE
- ABOVE THE SURFACE
- SOLID ROCK FORMS FROM COOLING OF LAVA
What is a FISSURE
- Its the CRACK or FRATURE
- AT the SURFACE
- which LAVA ERUPTS or SEEPS through
What is a LAHAR
- an INDONESIAN word describing
- THE MUDFLOW (water from rain or melting glaciers mixed with ash) or DEBRIS FLOW
- on the SLOPES of VOLCANO
- TWO TYPES - hot and cold
What is PYROCLASTIC FLOW
- it is HOT (> 800 deg C)
- MIXTURE of ROCK, GAS and ASH
- travels rapidly from a
- VOLCANIC VENT
What is a VENT
- the PLACE/CRACK
- AT the SURFACE
- ## WHERE LAVA FLOWS/ERUPTED
WORLD MAP WITH KEY ATMOSPHERIC + HYRROSPHERIC + EARTHQUAKES + VOLCANOES
