NATO

Question 1

News

Answer 1

countries thinking abt security dynamics of europe - Russia-ukraine war s. feb 2022
finland PM - won’t join NATO
history - wartym neutrality + no military alliances
sweden - a neutral nordic - considering to join NATO

Question 2

What’s NATO

Answer 2

North atlantic treaty org
military alliance
formed - 1949 - 12 countries
original aim - counter russ’s expansion in europe after WW II
Protect freedom & security of members by political / military means
USSR collapse - 1991 - many former european allies joined NATO

Question 3

to join NATO - eligibilty

Answer 3

democracy
treat minorities fairly
commit to resolve conflicts peacefully
military support
2% GDP - defence

Question 4

NATO - principle

Answer 4

collective defence principle - art 5 of NATO’s founding treaty - washington treaty
attack on one member = attack on all
only once invoked - sept 12 2001 - followiing 9/11 attacks on world trade centre, US

Question 5

HQ - NATO

Answer 5

brussels - belgium
dominated by US - military & nuclear missile power

Question 6

NATO - members

Answer 6

now 30
original 12 - belgium, canada, denmark, france, iceland, italy, luxembourg, the netherlands, norway, portugal, UK, US
later joined by-
greece, turkey - 1952
W germany - 1955 (as germany from 1990)
spain - 1982
czech republic, hungary, poland -1999
bulgaria, estonia , latvia, lithuania, romania, Slovakia, slovenia - 2004
albania, croatia - 2009
montenegro - 2017
N macedonia - 2020

Question 7

how NATO fns

Answer 7

integrated military command structure - but only few assets / forces - own
most under full national command & ctrl until members agree to undertake NATO-related tasks
all 30 have equal say
decisions - unanimous, consensual
members shd respect the basic values - democracy, indiv liberty, rule of law
protection - not in civil wars, internal coups

Question 8

NATO - finance

Answer 8

by members
abt 3/4 of budget by US

Question 9

counter military alliance by soviets

Answer 9

1955 - cold war momentum - USSR signed up socialist republics of central and eastern europe - warsaw pact
pact - political-military alliance - direct strategic counterwt to NATO
ALBANIA - withdrew in 1968
bulgaria
czechoslovakia
E germany
hungary
poland
romania
offcly disbanded - 1991 - after dissolution of USSR

Question 10

alliances of NATO

Answer 10

participates in 3 alliances - influence beyond 30 countries
1. euro-atlantic partnership council (EAPC)
2. meditteranean dialogue
3. istanbul cooperation initiative (ICI)

Question 11

EAPC

Answer 11

50 members
political & security related issues
partnership for peace (PfP) prgrme - political framework of NATO’s cooperation with partners in euro-atlantic area - and bilateral relation b/w NATO & indiv partners
estd 1997
succeeded in north atlantic cooperation council (NACC)

Question 12

NACC

Answer 12

1991
after end of cold war

Question 13

meditteranean dialogue

Answer 13

aim - to contribute to NATO’s meditteranean & N african neighbourhood
for understanding among members & NATO’s allies
non-NATO countries:
algeria
egypt
israel
jordan
mauritania
morocco
tunisia

Question 14

ICI

Answer 14

LONG-TERM GLOBAL & regional security
offer non-NATO in middle E - opportunity to cooperate w/ NATO
present participants:
Bahrain
kuwait
qatar
UAE

Question 15

russ’s view of NATO

Answer 15

putin - it’s not defensive alliance - threat to security - after 1991 - NATO - too much expansion near russ
east europe - b4 - russian troops stationed
now - they try to join NATO
baltic states - estonia, latvia, lithuania - b4 in USSR - now in NATO
he demanded redrawing of security map of europe
told NATO - pull back from E european countries - shdn’t join new

Question 16

y NATO isn’t snding troops - ukraine war

Answer 16

ukraine - not a member
fear of a whole conflict b/w russ & W

Question 17

y finland want to join NATO

Answer 17

neutrality = survival - didn’t wanna upset russ
76% ppl - join
b4 only 25
poll by YLE broadcaster
safety
military - finland/ sweden - contribute - N europe - whr russ outnumbers NATO
geographically - finland doubles border with russ for NATO - only 6% now - but russ feels encircled & threatened
security & stability - baltic sea - improved
politically - strong front

Question 18

was this a long tym coming for finland

Answer 18

1939 - USSR - invaded them
3 month
lost 10% land
russ annexed crimea - 2014 - finland spend more for military
mentally prepped to join NATO
bought 64 US combat planes - 1992
1995 - joined EU w/ sweden

Question 19

sweden?

Answer 19

if fin joins, swe - only non member of nordic
opposed to join for ideological reasons
ruling social democratic party - security policy review in parliament - pros & cons of joining NATO
SWEDISH daily - poll - for - 61% - jan 2022 - 42%

Question 20

concerns of fin/ swe joining

Answer 20

russ might retaliate
putin threatened “military technical measures” - response to expansion - reinforce borders/cyber attacks on scandinavia
dmitry medvedev : might deploy nuclear weapons in kaliningrad - russian exclave b/w poland & lithuania
economic cost for swe’s domestic arms industry - if buy weapons to NATO instead of thmself

Question 21

W rean to fin & swe

Answer 21

to become member - tym up2 an yr - cz approval of all
NATO security gen: can join fast - will take care of security arrangements in interim pd
US - wlcm - defence support and address concerns till membership is offcl
norway, denmark - will push fast approval