Native and Traditional Varieties Flashcards

Question

CROATINA Lombardia (mainly) Piemonte Emilia-Romagna

Answer 1

Main component of blend of Bonarda dell’Oltrepo Pavese DOC. (Bonarda wine is not to be confused with the Bonarda grape) Can be blender in Amarone -Deep purple -Red fruit -High tannins Producers: Fiamberti, Gaggiarone, Giorgi, Bruno Verdi

Answer 2

Aka Ormeasco in Liguria -Pale ruby, violet hue -Sour red cherry, red currant, raspberry, violet and lavender, liquorice, bitter almond Dogliani DOCG Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba DOCG Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG Dolcetto d’Alba DOC Dolcetto d’Asti DOC Ormeasco di Pornassio DOC (Liguria) Producers: Angelo Negro Vietti Bruno Giacosa Ceretto

Answer 3

Sandy gravel soils of Caluso appellation. Rich in phosphate and potassium. -Yellow to pale lemon w green tinges -Green apple, grass, gooseberry, peach, white flowers -crisp, refreshing acidity Passito style: deep gold color, apricots, acacia honey, dried figs, ripe peaches, saffron, almonds Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG Canavese DOC Colline Novaresi DOC Coste della Sesia DOC Producers: Orsolani, Ferrando, La Masera

Answer 4

Used in ancient wine Falernum Falanghina Flegrea: -Falerno del Massico DOC -Campi Flegrei DOC -Volcanic tuff and volcanic rock around Vesuvius -Lighter, more intense, more floral wines -Lemon yellow in color -White flowers, herbal notes of menthol, mint, sage, green apple -high acidity Falanghina Beneventana -Sannio, Irpinia -marly-sandstone and marly-limestone -Lemon yellow color -Yellow flowers, yellow apples, bananas, peach, apricot. -crisp acidity Producers: Feudi di San Gregorio, Mustilli, Di Meo

Answer 5

Antonio Mastroberardino rescued from the brink of extinction Volcanic soils ideal -Pale yellow with green tinge -White blossoms, linden, jasmine, acacia, pear, green apple, hazelnut -with age expresses beeswax and honey, smoky, toasty Fiano di Avellino DOCG Irpinia DOC Sannio DOC Cliento DOC Producers: Mastroberardino, Feudi di San Gregorio, Quintodecimo

Answer 6

-Offspring of Sangiovese -Sibling of Gaglioppo, Nerello Mascalese, Perricone, Susumaniello Terra Rossa soils (sandy-calcareous red tinged) -Semi-aromatic: floral violet, roses, geranium -Pale color -Red fruit (pomegranate, cherry, strawberry) -med+ to high acidity -Low tannins -can be chilled Blending partner (40% max) to Nero d’Avola for Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG. (Sicilia’s only DOCG) Cerasuolo dí Vittoria DOCG Vittoria DOC Producers: Donnafugata, Occhipinti, Planeta, il Frappato

Answer 7

Offspring of Nebbiolo -Pale ruby -Light bodied -Strawberry, cherry, rose, tobacco, violet -Tannic and acidic Freisa d’Asti DOC Producers: Cascina Gilli Stella La Montagnetta

Answer 8

Alluvial gravel/sand soils of Aosta Valley carved out by Dora Baltea River (flows eastward from Monte Bianco) -Deep ruby color -Ripe and dried red fruit, smokiness, spiciness (pepper), licorice, vanilla, soft leather, cloves, graphite -High acidity -Mod-High tannins Valle d’Aosta Fumin DOC Producers: Grosjean, Les Cretes, Ch Feuillet

Answer 9

-Offspring of Sangiovese and Mantonico -Sibling of Nerello Mascalese, Susumaniello, Frappato, Perricone, Mantonicone -High tannins, high acidity -Pale to medium ruby color -Ripe red fruits, pomegranate, raspberry, red currant -Earthiness, roses, cinnamon, cloves, tobacco, leather Ciro DOC Melissa DOC Bivongi DOC Shavuto DOC Producers: Librandi, Ippolito 1845, Tenuta Iuzzolini

Answer 10

-Offspring: Cataratto Comune, Albana, Trebbiano Toscana, Malvasia Bianca di Candia -Pale to medium color -Light-Medium body -Yellow fruits: golden apple, golden pear, yellow melon, pineapple -White flowers, almond, sage, marjoram, lemon curd, minerals -High acidity -Volcanic soil grapes can be flinty -Recioto style wines are honeyed, musky floral, med gold color -Recioto di Gambellara DOCG -Recioto di Soave DOCG -Soave Superiore DOCG -Soave DOC -Euganei DOC Producers: Pieropan, Colli Scaligeri, Cantina di Soave

Answer 11

Main biotypes: Prosecco Tondo and Prosecco Lungo Best sites: slopes with incline and good drainage -Conegliano-Valdobbiadene DOCG Conegliano is eastern part lower elevations Valdobbiadene is western part higher elevations -Pale to med intensity lemon hue -Green apple, pear, white flowers, white peach -High acidity -Fine med sized bubbles -Martinotti method used for sparkling vilification Prosecco Conegliano-Valdobbiadene DOCG Cartizze and Rive are best sites within Prosecco Asolo DOCG Prosecco Treviso DOCG Producers: Adami, Bisol, L’Antica Quercia, Villa Sandi, Menotti

Answer 12

Umbria: Orvieto, Todi Best expression in Orvieto DOC area. Tuff rocks of volcanic origin. -Grechetto di Orvieto wines can be 100% Grechetto or blended with Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasia Bianca, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. Bologna hills best expression of Grechetto di Todi (aka Pignoletto) -soils marls, layered sandstone, abundant rain Grechetto di Orvieto: -Good acidity -Pear, apple, hazelnut, acacia chamomile, hay Grechetto di Orvieto -Sapid -Citrus, herbal Colli Bolognesi Pignoletto DOCG Pignoletto DOC Colli Martani DOC Orvieto DOC Todi DOC Producers: Arnoldo Caprai, Mottura, Manaresi

Answer 13

Alessandria - terre bianche calcareous clays Asti - sand -Light color -Strawberry, raspberry, fresh flowers -Crunchy acidity, high tannins Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese DOC Producers: Bricco Mondalino, Braida

Answer 14

Western part of Sicily, usage in Marsala -Crossing of Cataratto Bianco and Moscato di Alessandria -2 biotypes: Grillo Vecchio and Grillo Nuova -Straw yellow color -Blossom, mango, papaya -alternate versions may have green fruits, apples, citrus, grass Contea di Scalfani DOC Alcamo DOC Sicilia DOC Marsala DOC IGP Terre Siciliane Producers: Feudo Montoni, Cusumano, Donnafugata

Answer 15

Central Italy: Marche, Toscana, Umbria, Lazio, Emilia-Romagna Blender grape, produce very small quantities -Lemon-green hue -Good acidity, rich mouthfeel (Verdicchio’s contribution) -Aromatically herbal, green melon, fig aroma (Sauvignon Blanc contribution) Producers: Terracruda (Marche)

Answer 16

-Strawberry, black cherries, blackberry -floral: rose, lavender, violet -light herbal, sweet baking spice -Good acidity, medium structured Lacrima di Morro DOC (Aka Lacrima di Morro d’Alba DOC), Colli Maceratesi DOC Producers: Velenosi, Vicari, Conti di Buscareto

Answer 17

Originated from Vallagarina in Trenton Related to: Teroldego, Marzemino, Schiava Gentile, Pinot Nero Bolzano basin ideal because Lagrein needs warmth to ripen. South facing sites with rocky, gravelly, sedimentary soils that retain heat. -Very high in anthocyanins, deep ruby color w purple hues -Full-bodied and tannic -Violets, red plums, red berries, cassis, sweet spices Rose wine style called Dunkel or Kretzer Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC Trentino DOC Valdadige/Etschtaler DOC Producers: Cantina Rotaliana, Balter, Pojer e Sandri

Answer 18

Frequent blender with Sangiovese, especially the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano blend. Ancient variety -Violet aromas -Black Cherry, raspberry -Light colored wine Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG Rosso di Montepulciano DOCG

Answer 19

-Slightly aromatic -Fruity: quince, white peach, pear, apple, spice -Moderate to mod-high acidity Colli Berici DOC Colli di Conegliano DOCG Colli Euganei DOC Trentino DOC Venezia DOC Producers: Foradori, Alois Lageder

Answer 20

-Offspring of Teroldego -Parent of Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso and Marzemino Bianco Mozart cited excellence of Marzemino wine in Don Giovanni 2 main groups: Marzemino Gentile and Marzemina Padovana -Ruby red color -Full body, tannic -Sour Cherry, grassy, herbal aromas -Balanced acid and sugar -Berry scented wines Colli di Conegliano DOCG Producers: Cantina Furlani, Le vigne di Alice, Ca’ dei Frati, Pasini San Giovanni

Answer 21

Predominantly used in Valpolicella blends (up to 10%) and some blends in Bardolino Aka Uva Sala, Rossanella, Brespon -Pale ruby hue (almost rosato in color) -Red berry fruits, blood orange, alpine herbs, saline -Lively acidity Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG Bardolino Superiore DOCG Producers: Serego Alighieri, Buglioni

Answer 22

Can be blended with autochthonous grapes such as Cannonau or Bovale -Ruby hue -Soft tannins -Red fruit flavors -Mediterranean herbs, orange rind, tobacco Monica di Sardegna DOC Monica di Cagliari DOC Producers: Cardedu, Pala, Argiolas

Answer 23

2nd most planted red grape in Italy. 50% of Abbruzzo plantings Best on clay soils as is sensitive to water stress -Rich in anthocyanins, deep ruby or purple hue -Ripe red Cherry, spiced black plum, blackberry, bramble berry -Damp woodsey earth, oregano, licorice -Medium-plus acidity and tannins. High alcohol CERASUOLO style (“Cherry”) -rose that is deeper pink in color -Fleshier mouthfeel, more tannin Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG Offida Rosso DOCG Conero DOCG Biferno Rosso DOC Producers: Emedio Pepe, Valentini, Tiberio, Zaccagnini

Answer 24

-Pale lemon w greenish reflections -High aromatic intensity -Sage, Rosemary, mint, star fruit, ginger -Decidedly saline (savory quality) Langhe DOC Nascetta Langhe DOC Nascetta del Comune di Novello Producers: Elvio Congo (saved the grape) Le Strette Ettore Germano Daniele Conterno

Answer 25

Lampia is the benchmark biotype in agriculture today Synonyms: Spanna in Alto Piemonte Chiavennasca in Valtellina Picotendro/Picoutener in Aosta Valley Prunent in Val d’Ossola Buds early, ripens late therefore needs long growing season Nebbiolo very sight dependent, presents differently relative to soils -Langhe: soils are complex and layered, marine sedimentary, sandstone, and flysch (clay) -Roero: soils are marine-sedimentary rock and sand -Alto Piedmont: ancient volcanic soils to sandy alluvial -Valtellina: soils are alluvial, sandy and rocky -Transparent ruby to garnet in color -Perfumed aromas of red fruits: cherries, strawberries, cranberries (fresh or dried) -Orange peel, dried flower petals, roses, violets, balsamic herbs, leather, tar -Savory notes of truffles, quinine, dried leaves, Forest floor -High tannins, high acidity, high alcohol -Medium to full-bodied on palate Originally (before mid 1800s) was vinified as a sweet wine Barbaresco DOCG Barolo DOCG -5 key villages: La Morra, Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Monforte d’Alba, Serralunga d’Asti Langhe Nebbiolo DOC Roero DOCG Ghemme Gattinara DOCG Valtellina Superiore DOCG Valtellina Sfurzat DOCG Valle d’Aosta DOC Producers: Damilano Fontanafredda Gaja Pio Cesare Renato Ratti Vietti Michele Chiarlo

Answer 26

Genetically distinct from Nebbiolo Parent/offspring relationship to Nebbiolo Blending partner of Nebbiolo -Very pale red -Exceptionally perfumed, floral, wild strawberry, red currant -Med-plus acidity and tannins, med-plus alcohol As a blender, gives Nebbiolo more perfume, pale color, decreased tannins and acidity. 20%- of blend. Barolo DOCG Barbaresco DOCG Producers: Elvio Congo, Marchese di Gresy

Answer 27

Two words is correct. Negroamaro is incorrect. Thrives dry, clay/calcareous soils found in warm climates -Medium intensity -Black Cherry, plum, tobacco -Mod-high acidity, tannins can be rustic Rose style is deep, Cherry hue Salice Salentino DOC Copertino DOC Levrano DOC Producers: Rosa di Golfo, Agricola Cosimo Taurino, Agricola Vallone

Answer 28

Blender to Nerello Mascalese -adds depth of color and softens structure -Dark cherries, licorice, vanilla -Med, rustic tannins -Med acidity and alcohol -Deeper color than Nerello Mascalese Etna DOC, Faro DOC, Sicilia DOC Lamazia DOC, Savuto DOC Producers: Benanti, Calabretta, Fessina

Answer 29

Crossing of Sangiovese x Mantonico Bianco Its performance on Etna is compared to Burgundy: showcases vineyard, vine age and vintage -Pale medium ruby color -Tart red Cherry, rosemary, cedar, tobacco, mineral -Tannins can be green/unripe so maceration requires special attention Typically Blended (up to 20%) with Nerello Cappuccio Etna Rosso DOC Faro DOC Lamezia DOC. (Calabria) Producers: Benanti, Tenuta della Terre Nere, Salvo Fori

Answer 30

-White flowers, citrus, hazelnut, tart lemony, mineral -Light-bodied -Very high acidity Trentino Vin Santo -Rich, complex -Ripe peach, marzipan, candied pineapple, lime, tropical fruit jam -air dried grapes (5-6 mths - longest of any Vin Santo) -Creamier than vin santo from Toscana or Umbria Trentino Nosiola DOC Trentino Vin Santo DOC Valdadige/Etschtaler DOC Producers: Cantina Toblino, Pojer & Sandri, Cesconi

Answer 31

-Lemon yellow with slight green hue -Med body -High acid, med+ alcohol -lemon citrus, white flowers, green apple Nuragic di Cagliari DOC Producers: Argiolas, Pala, Cantine di Dolianova

Answer 32

Best in gravel and sand -Intense ruby red color -Full body -Medium acidity, firm tannins -Herbs, baking spice, dark forest berry, violets, tar, leather Blender for Valpolicella Valpolicella DOC Rosso del Veronese IGT Producers: Masi, Tedeschi, Zyme

Answer 33

Resurrected by Guido Cocci Grifoni in 1980s 3 main biotypes -Lemon yellow -Med+ body -High acidity -Mineral, herbal (sage, thyme), lemon zest, apple, pear, anise Offida DOC Terre di Chieti IGT Producers: Cocci Grifoni, Umani Ronchi, Cataldi Madonna

Answer 34

-Dark ruby red with garnet rim -Medium body -High acidity, Med+ tannins -Vibrant fresh red fruits, red currants, floral, spice -Alpine region expression Valle d’Aosta DOC -Torrette sub zone (best cru) -Enfr d’Arvier -Chambave Rouge -Nus Producers: Anselmet, Danilo Thomain, Didier Gerbelle

Answer 35

Noble history, considered by royal courts to be an alternative to Tokaj Prefers marl-sandy soil Off-dry to sweet styles. Appassimento method or late harvest. -Bright, gold color -Med+ body -High acid -Yellow stone fruit (apricot, peach), tangerine, honey, dried mango, candied ginger, orange blossom Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG Collio DOC Friuli Colli DOC Producers: Ronchi di Cialla Livio Felluga Zorzettig

Answer 36

Plantings concentrated in province of Napoli Primarily blender to soften Aglianico Neapolitan dialect synonyms: Per’e Palummo, Palombina, Palummina -Medium ruby -Red Cherry, red plum, violet, geranium, lavender, hint of tar -Vegetal notes when not ripe -Med+ acidity, medium tannins Campi Flegrei DOC Irpinia DOC Sannio DOC Vesuvio DOC Capri DOC Penisola Sorrentina DOC Producers: Mustilli, Fattoria La Rivolta, Ettora Sammarco

Answer 37

Resurrected by Walter Filiputti in 1950s. Cuttings taken from historic Abbazia di Rosazzo. -Deep ruby w hints of purple -Blackberry, blueberry, herbs, minerals -Fuller-bodied, higher acidity, high/dense tannins Friulli Colli Orientali DOC -Pignolo di Rosazzo DOC sub zone Friuli Isonzo DOC Producers: Castello di Buttrio Dorigo Ermacorta Gigante Torre Rosazza

Answer 38

Synonyms: Prie Blanc, Blanc de Valdigne Grown in some of the highest vineyards in Europe: 900-1200 meters above sea level -Pale lemon color -Fresh notes of white flowers -Green apple, stone fruit, thyme, mint -High acidity Valle d’Aosta DOC -Blanc de Morgex et de La Salle sub zone Producers: Cave de Morgex et La Salle Ermes Pavese Vevey Marziano

Answer 39

Crljenak Kastelanski in Croatia Kratosija in Montenegro Zinfandel in U.S. Genetically identical First planted in Italy in Gioia (1799) Murge plateau, Gioia del Colle viticultural area -Karst topography - Terra Rossa topsoil -calcareous soils, higher altitude, marked diurnal shift = higher acidity, finesse wines Manduria on Salento Peninsula -lower altitude -more fertile soils -heavier expression of Primitivo Primitivo suffers from asynchronous maturation within bunches -Med-to-deep ruby color -rich and ripe red/black fruit: black Cherry, liquor-soaked black plum, strawberry jam -Underbrush, tobacco, tar -Med acidity, medium tannins, high alcohol Gioia del Colle DOC Primitivo di Manduria DOC Falerno del Massico DOC Matera DOC Producers: Cannito Fatalone Morella Paolo Leo Masca del Tacco

Answer 40

Possibly related to Gouais Blanc Quality production favors hillsides, well-draining soils, older vines Collio and Friuli Colli Orientali -Flysch (Ponca) is main soil formation- roots penetrate friable soils -Soils slightly alkaline, helping grapes to retain high acidity -2 Grand crus: -Oslavia, higher altitude and cooler nights = lemony, mineral higher acid -Rosazzo, warmer meso-climate = wines deeper and richer -Pale color -Floral, lemon, tangerine, minerals, white pepper -High acidity, light chalk dust texture Collio DOC Friuli Colli Orientali DOC Friuli-Venezia Giulia DOC Producers: Gravner, Jermann, Marco Felluga, Collavini

Answer 41

DNA Offspring of Corvina Valpolicella and Bardolino blending partner, in particular Recioto style since grapes accumulate sugar easily -Medium ruby appearance -Red Cherry, herbal -Medium body, med acidity, low tannins Valpolicella DOC Valpolicella Ripasso DOC Bardolino DOC and Bardolino Superiore DOCG Amarone Della Valpolicella DOCG Recioto Della Valpolicella DOCG Producers: Cesari, Allegrini, Zenato, Tedeschi

Answer 42

Genetically same as Tibouren (France) Requires sites away from sea. Calcareous-clay soils best -Pale ruby appearance -Strawberry, rose, black pepper, red currant -Balsamic notes -Med+ acidity, low-med body, low tannins Rossese di Dolceacqua DOC Rossese di Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC Producers: Terre Bianche, Anfosso, Ka Mancini

Answer 43

Croatina x Malvasia Aromatica di Parma Aromatic red grape variety Grown around village of Castagnole in Monferrato. Revitalized by Don Giacomo Cauda 2010 -Medium ruby color -Intense rose petal and geranium -Red berries, black pepper, cardamom, mint -Low acidity, medium body, powdery tannins Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG (90% ruche, up to 10% barbera or brachetto) Producers: Bersano, Montalbera, Fabrizia Caldera

Answer 44

No known genetic linkages Most tannic grape in Italy - thick skins and high polyphenol concentration 3 Primary clones. Best wines are a blend of all three. Calcareous-clay soils preferred for phenolic ripening -Deep ruby color -Blackberry, black Cherry, violet, olive, licorice -Med+ acidity, very high tannin, velvet texture -Age takes on leathery and earthy notes Historically made as a sweet passito wine Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG (100% Sagrantino) Montefalco Rosso DOC (Sangiovese heavy + Sagrantino) Producers: Arnoldo Caprai, Lungarotti, Parsi

Answer 45

Most planted Italian grape. In every region except Vallee d’Aosta and Trentino-Alto Adige. Sangiovese has parent relationship to many Italian grapes, in particular in Sicily. Indicates Sangiovese is native Southern Italian grape. 2 most notable biotypes: Sangiovese Grosso and Sangiovese Piccolo Synonyms: Brunello, Sangiovento, Prugnolo Gentile, Morellino, Nielluccio Very site sensitive (terroir expressive) Best soils: -high limestone content -Galestro soil of Chianti Classico area (shale, clay mixture) -Does not perform well on volcanic soils Cooler climates produce brighter, more floral expressions of Sangiovese. Warmer climates (Montalcino and coastal areas) make fuller-bodied, riper expressions w more herbal notes. -Medium ruby appearance -Red Cherry (primary aroma), licorice, tomatoe leaf, violet and herbal -with age, leather and tar -Medium powdery tannins, high acidity -Medium to full body Blenders: Malvasia Nera, Cannaiolo, Mammolo, Cab Sauvignon, Merlot Brunello di Montalcino DOCG (100% Sangiovese) Vino di Nobile di Montalcino DOCG Morellino di Scansano DOCG Carmignano DOCG Chianti DOCG Chianti Classico DOCG Conero DOCG Romangna DOC Producers: Antinori, Fontodi, Frescobaldi, Castello di Fonterutoli

Answer 46

Natural pepperiness due to high levels of Rotundone Needs Ponca (marl) soils of Colli Orientali -Billiant ruby red color -Medium body and structure -Cherries, raspberry, small berry fruit -Floral notes, pepper -Moderate alcohol, med tannins and acidity Friuli Colli Orientali DOC Isonzo DOC Producers: Ronchi di Cialla Le Due Terre, Ronco Severo Ponca

Answer 47

Parent of Lagrein, Syrah Sibling of Dureza Related to Pinot Noir Elisabetta Foradori brought Toreldego back from extinction and onto International stage Deeply bound to mountains and unique environment of the Piana Rotiliana -Sandy, gravelly plain at foot of Dolomites -Teroldego Rotaliano DOC (1971) is one of the few site/grape specific appellations in Italy -Soils of calcareous granite, porphyritic rock (from River Noce) -Alpine climate -Deeply colored due to high concentration of anthocyanins -Crunchy aromas of red berries, cranberry, cherries, blackberry, plum -Floral, savory, tarry, bitter almond note -Bright acidity Rosato style (aka Kretzer) Trentino DOC Teroldego Rotaliano DOC IGP Vigneti delle Dolomiti Producers: Foradori, Zeni, Mezzacorona, Marion

Answer 48

Walter Massa rescued from extinction and produced first vintage of 100% Timorasso in 1987. Province of Alessandria. Colli Tortonesi Derthona subzone -Deep lemon color -Intense fruity scents of pear, apricot, peach, tropical fruits, honey notes -Floral aromas of acacia and hawthorn -Known for age ability: develops complexity, power, finesse, petrol Colli Tortonese DOC Producers: Walter Massa Vietti Ezio Poggio Cantina di Tortona

Answer 49

Synonyms: Sauvignonasse, Sauvignon Vert. (From SE France) -These are the 2 primary clones Tokai removed from name when Hungary (Tokaji) joined European Union in 2004 Soils: typical Ponca (marly) soils of hilly Friuli Vineyards provide good drainage -Bright lemon to gold in color -Intense citrus, pear, peach, tropical fruits -Meadow flowers, aromatic herbs (mint, thyme, sage) -med-full bodied -bitter almond aftertaste Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC Collio DOC Paive DOC Lison-Pramaggiore DOCG Garda DOC Producers: Schioppetto Livio Felluga Venica&Venica Le Vigne di Zamo

Answer 50

3rd most planted native red grape in Puglia (after Negro Amaro and Primitivo). High polyphenolic content in grape skins - dark color. High tannins. Aka: Sumarella, Troiano Originated in Adriatic basin. Arrived Puglia with Greek colonists. Traditionally a blender to Montepulciano. 2 main biotypes, very different -Barletta (Ruvo) -Canosa. Almost abandoned -Intense ruby red color, trend to purple -Violets, red cherry, black currant -Black pepper, tobacco, licorice, vanilla, star anise, herbs, spice -High tannins, fresh acidity Castel del Monte DOP -Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG -Castello del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG Producers: Rivera, Michele Biancardi, Torrevento

Answer 51

Farmers from Verona migrated to Jesi to escape plague 14-15th centuries. Brought Trebbiano di Soave and Trebbiano di Lugana (Turbiana) with them (biotypes). Vine adapted and spawned Verdicchio. Late ripening, maintains high acidity. Soils: thrives in limestone and clay soils of Jesi. Flysch soils of Matelica. Lees aging common because a rather neutral grape. Aged in oak. -Pale lemon color -Lemon zest, green apple, fennel, sweet almond, white flowers. -Medium+ to High acidity -Medium creamy, waxy or oily texture Matelica wines higher acidity, higher alcohol, fuller body, mineral Jesi wines more delicate and floral Verdicchio dei Castello di Jesi DOC Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG Lugana DOC Producers: Bucci, La Staffa, La Monacesca

Answer 52

2 Subvarieties: -Verduzzo Giallo (desert wines) -Verduzzo Verde Soils: needs marl, lower in water retention Verduzzo Verde grown in Friuli flatlands. Makes drier wines. Verduzzo Giallo grown on steep hillsides. Makes sweet wines from airdried grapes (Ranandolo DOCG). Superior quality. -Medium lemon color -Notes of citrus, sweet almond, white flowers -Verduzzo Verde is light bodied, dry to off dry, citrusy and floral -Verduzzo Giallo is fuller bodied, tannic sweet wine, rich -apricot, dried fig, orange peel, honey, caramelized nutty Styles: light and delicately sweet to very sweet. -Ramandolo DOCG is exclusively for sweet wines from air-dried grapes. Ramandolo DOCG Friuli DOC Friuli Colli Orientali DOC Friuli Grave DoC Friuli Isonzo DOC Lison-Pramaggiore DOC Producers: Livio Felluga, Marco Cecchini, La Roncaia

Answer 53

Vermentino, Favorita, Pigato are genetically synonymous but listed as separate varieties because look and behave differently. Vermentino: Sardegna and Toscana Favorita: Piemonte Pigato: Liguria Soils: poor, infertile. Sunny exposition. -Pale lemon color -Musky aromas -Citrus, tropical fruit, peach, acacia, salinity -Pigato fuller bodied with creamy texture Vermentino di Sardegna DOC Vermentino di Gallura DOCG Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC Producers: Argiolas, Contini, Mora e Memo

Answer 54

Progeny of Nebbiolo High polyphenols, rich in Rotundone Dark, tannic, spicy wine. Blender to Nebbiolo, Croatina, Uva Rara - adds color, tannin, body, spice Vineyard: -Low-yielding, irregular ripening -poor adaptation to American rootstock -Medium ruby red -Juicy sour red cherry, rose, rosemary, marjoram, mint, balsamic, cinnamon, distinctive black pepper -med+ body -Tannic, bright acidity Ghemme DOCG Lessona DOC Colline Novaresi DOC Costa Della Sesia DOC Oltrepo Pavese DOC Producers: Vini Ioppa, Francesco Brigatti