Native Americans

Question 1

What year was the Indian Removal Act

Answer 1

1830

Question 2

what was the indian removal act

Answer 2

A law to relocate Natives west of the Mississippi -> trail of tears

Question 3

what were the consequences of the indian removal act

Answer 3

1. mass displacement
2. cultural loss
3. economic collapse
4. starvation/ disease
5. population decimation

Question 4

when was the 1st indian appropriations act

Answer 4

1851

Question 5

what did the 1st Indians appropriations act do

Answer 5

Funded relocation → began reservation system, further land loss, federal control.

Question 6

when was the 2nd indian appropriations act

Answer 6

1871

Question 7

How did the 2nd Indian Appropriations Act change tribal sovereignty?

Answer 7

Ended treaty-making → tribes under U.S. law, eroded autonomy.

Question 8

when was the Dawes act

Answer 8

1887

Question 9

how much land was lost in the Dawes act

Answer 9

Divided tribal lands into plots → 90 million acres (2/3 of land) sold to whites

Question 10

what were three impacts of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (1824)

Answer 10

1. Enforced relocation
2. Imposed assimilation
3. Mismanaged resources → poverty

Question 11

What were the dates and outcomes of the Seminole Wars?

Answer 11

1817–1858 → Most exiled to Oklahoma; small group remained in Florida.

Question 12

Tecumseh’s confederacy dates

Answer 12

1808-1813

Question 13

Why did Tecumseh’s Confederacy (1808–1813) fail?

Answer 13

Tecumseh died (1813); tribes couldn’t unite → vulnerability to U.S. expansion

Question 14

How did the War of 1812 (1812–1815) weaken Native resistance?

Answer 14

Loss of British support → increased U.S. land encroachment

Question 15

When was Little Crow’s war

Answer 15

1862

Question 16

What caused Little Crow’s War (1862), and how many died?

Answer 16

Broken promises/food shortages → 600+ settlers & 100+ Natives killed; 38 Dakota executed.

Question 17

when was the sand creek massacre

Answer 17

1864

Question 18

What happened at the Sand Creek Massacre?

Answer 18

150+ unarmed Cheyenne killed by Colorado militia → morale collapse.

Question 19

What was the result of Red Cloud’s War (1866–1868)?

Answer 19

Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) granted Sioux land → later violated after gold discovery.

Question 20

What was significant about the Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)?

Answer 20

Sioux/Cheyenne killed 268 U.S. soldiers (Custer’s last stand) → U.S. retaliated with forced surrender.

Question 21

when was wounded knee

Answer 21

1890

Question 22

Why is Wounded Knee (1890) a turning point?

Answer 22

150+ Lakota massacred → ended armed resistance; full U.S. control.

Question 23

How did buffalo destruction impact Plains tribes?

Answer 23

30+ million killed → collapsed economies (food, tools, clothing)

Question 24

What was the impact of mining booms (e.g., Black Hills 1874)?

Answer 24

Land invasions → violence, displacement, environmental damage.

Question 25

What did Worcester v. Georgia (1832) rule, and was it enforced?

Answer 25

Recognised Cherokee sovereignty → ignored by Jackson.

Question 26

How was the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) violated?

Answer 26

U.S. seized Black Hills after gold discovery (1874).

Question 27

How many Native Americans died on the Trail of Tears?

Answer 27

approx 4000 from starvation/disease.

Question 28

How many buffalo existed before vs. after 1800s slaughter

Answer 28

30+ million killed → near extinction

Question 29

How many U.S. soldiers died at Little Bighorn?

Answer 29

268 (Custer’s entire force).

Question 30

How many Lakota died at Wounded Knee?

Answer 30

150+ (mostly unarmed)

Question 31

How did Manifest Destiny justify U.S. actions?

Answer 31

Belief in white superiority → justified displacement/assimilation.

Question 32

How did the U.S. Army suppress resistance?

Answer 32

Enforced removals, massacres (e.g., Wounded Knee), reservation control.

Question 33

How did tribal divisions help the U.S.?

Answer 33

Divide-and-conquer tactics (e.g., pitting Sioux vs. Crow)

Question 34

What was the Cheyenne Uprising (1864), and what triggered it?

Answer 34

Cheyenne revolted after forced relocation → Sand Creek Massacre.

Question 35

What were the consequences of the Great Sioux War (1876–1877)?

Answer 35

Sioux victory at Little Bighorn → later land loss & military occupation.

Question 36

when was the Curtis act

Answer 36

1898

Question 37

How did the Curtis Act (1898) amend the Dawes Act?

Answer 37

Dissolved tribal governments in Oklahoma

Question 38

When was the Grattan Massacre?

Answer 38

1854

Question 39

What was the Grattan Massacre (1854)?

Answer 39

U.S. Army attacked Sioux → escalated Plains conflicts

Question 40

How did the California Gold Rush (1848) impact Natives

Answer 40

Flood of miners → land grabs, violence, displacement.