native americans Flashcards
when was the indian removal act
1830
who were the five civilised tribes
creek, cherokee, chocktaw, chicksaw, seminole
what was the indian removal act
a law passed by andrew jackson, forcing native americans to move to missisipi as jackson wanted their land for white settlers instead
what are some impacts of the indian removal act
death, disease
what was the trail of tears
the US armu forced 18,000 cherokee to walk 1000 miles west across the missisipi river
how many died on the trail of tears
4000, due to disease and hunger
when was little crows war
1862
summary of little crows war
santee sioux were starving on a south minesota reservation, their chief little crow asked for food from traders and no one would help, some even insulted them, as a result little crows followers attacked farms, towns and army forts, killing around 500 settlers, on sept 23 the army defeated the tribe
impact of little crows war
little crow was shot beheaded and scalped on july 3 1863 and 300 santee sioux got the death sentence, hundreds of others were sent to prison, and some were publically hung
when was the sand creek massacre
1864
summary of the sand creek massacre
cheyenne and arapho indians were sent to sand creek, and were starving, the gov wouldnt help and set up an army of 700 volunteers to kill the native americans, the cheyenne chief black kettle made piece with the gov, but a cheyenne warrior killed a white settlers and all the govs volunteers went to sand creek and stormd black kettles camp on nov 29, killing 105 wonen and kids, and 28 men
impact of the sand creek massacre
black kettle went for the us flag because he thought they had a peace agreement, volunteer army cut the scalps and penises off of the victims and used them as decoration or accessories like hats; dangling natives scalps from their belts.
when was red clouds war
1866-1868
summary of red clouds war
gold discovered on lakota sioux hunting ground in the black hills but the lakota chief, red cloud, attacked people attempting to go on their land, red cloud refused to sign a peace treaty and as a result the US set up forts on lakota land without their permission, lakota attatched the forts, killing 80 soldiers at once, then stripped, scalped and cut up their bodys
impact of red clouds war
the US gave up because they lost so much and signed a treaty in 1868, called the fort laramie treaty
what was the fort laramie treaty
it was meant to bring peace between the whites and the sioux who agreed to settle in the black hills reservation, it also prevented white settlers from entering sioux land around the black hills
when was the battle of little bighorn
1874
events that triggered the battle of little bighorn
rumours in 1874 were spreading of gold in the black hills, and general custer confirmed them and as a result, tens of thousands of miners went to sioux land. the gov wanted to negotiate for the land in exchange for 6 million, but the natives said no. the president ordered all sioux to return to their reservations but sitting bull didnt, on june 6th crazy horse ordered his warriors to fight general crooks advancing army and the soldiers were defeated. crazy horse joined sitting bull at the little bighorn river, sitting bull had a vision of the natives defeating the US army. sitting bull and crazy horse wiped out an army camp near rosebud, and lef their people west to set up camp on little bighorn river
what native americans lived on the plains
the sioux
why were the sioux nomadic
to follow the buffalo
how did the sioux use buffalo to overcome the lack of resources on the plains
food, used the skin for clothes, tipi’s etc. used stomach for cooking pot, tail for fly swatter, horns for cups, sinew for bows, hooves boiled for glue etc.
why were the tipi’s useful for the sioux lifestyle
easy to quickly take up and down, easy to transport; useful as they were nomadic
