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non-western art > Native American > Flashcards

Native American Flashcards

1
Q

Animism

A

Attributes soul to plants and inanimate objects

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2
Q

Totemism

A

System of belief where humans are said to have connections with spirit beings in animal forms

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3
Q

House pole. Type 1 of 3 totem poles

A
  • house support
  • clans totemic images
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4
Q

Freestanding pole. type 2 of 3 totem poles

A
  • totemic images
  • directly in front of clans house
  • main purpose is to show status
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5
Q

Mortuary pole. Type 3 of 3 totem poles

A
  • totemic images
  • main reason commemorates deceased family member
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6
Q

Functions of mask

A
  • validate concept of transformation
  • mask for spiritual transformation
  • makes invisible spirits visible
  • helps cross over from visible to invisible earth
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7
Q

Liminal Phase

A

Shaman transforms from human into spirit-entity

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8
Q

Why does liminal phase happen?

A

Does good things such as finding thieves, prescribing medicine, etc

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9
Q

Adena art tradition

A

Funerary art (effigy pipes, stone tablets, etc) Sculptural art (animal, human, both 2d and 3d)

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10
Q

Hopewell art tradition

A

3d art (stone, mica, wood, clay, copper), tobacco pipe effigys, buried pipe with owner, mainly animals

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11
Q

Mississippian art tradition

A

Only high status buried with art, expensive art, human art, normally themed around leadership and warfare, mediums:marble, red bauxite, clay, copper, shells. expensive materials

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12
Q

Eastern native tribes

A

forest dwellers
lived in woodlands
iroquis nation

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13
Q

Osage blanket

A

worn/used for first born child

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14
Q

Iroquis board

A

Carried baby
made out of wood, animal pelt
some hung off a horse
they sold them to europeans
some made from European concepts

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15
Q

What impact did europeans have? (southeast woodland)

A
  • Started trading product with eachother, mixing cultures
  • europeans traded guns, iron, textiles, etc
  • changed art styles
  • ruined natives language
  • changed social aspect
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16
Q

Great plains tribes

A
  • nomadic existence
  • hunters and gatherers (mainly berries and cereal)
  • moved around a lot
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17
Q

Why were buffallo important to great plains tribes

A

food, protection, clothes, houses, spiritual connection

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18
Q

What art did the great plains tribes makes

A

Tipis, body art, cradles petroglyphs, pictographs

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19
Q

What is a pictograph?

A

A rock painting

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20
Q

What mediums did the great plains use?

A

buffalo skin, porcupine quills, rocks, feathers

21
Q

What is the okipa ceremony? (great plains)

A

It was about bison
- warriors would prove physical strength to get approval from spirits

22
Q

What are some beliefs of the great plains?

A
  • entire land occupied by spiritual beings
  • spirit beings in the art
  • they would carry art to always be protected by a spiritual being
23
Q

What was the function of great plains art?

A
  • solve problems
  • make lives better
  • spiritual protection
  • validate gender difference
24
Q

What are the gender roles in the great plains art?

A

women use patterns and shapes
men make art about war and art on war items, such as shields

25
Q

Why was body art used in the great plains tribes?

A
  • signify status
  • enhance physical appearance
  • spiritual implication
26
Q

What are war shields in the great plains tribes?

A
  • made by men
  • spiritual power
  • gets vision from spirits as to what is on it
  • each component has own spiritual power
  • shield maker has to use self denials to get vision
27
Q

What was the european impact on the great plains indian tribes?

A
  • started using factory made pigment
  • recorded warfare
  • used European art mediums
  • inspired art from europeans
28
Q

What was the buffallo war?

A

usa tried to take away their buffallo and wanted natives gone so the us captured them and sent them to a camp in Florida where they were taught the english language and how to read and write, and they gave them art supplies

29
Q

What was the wounded knee battle?

A

“ghost dance war”
the natives started the ghost dance to save their culture, fight off whites, and bring back buffalo then the police killed the person who started it and natives lashed out then police went through and murdered a lot of them and they never performed the ghost dance again

30
Q

What was the navajo’s beliefs?

A
  • in the beginning the universe was terrible
  • holy people brought peace and harmony
  • during ceremony only men impersonated holy people
31
Q

Hochxo

A

chaotic and ugly

32
Q

Hozho

A

beauty/perfection

33
Q

Why is sand painting practiced in the navajo tribe?

A
  • healing and therapeutic
  • the natural order of something is at risk
  • to cure people of diseases
34
Q

Who performs sand painting? (navajo)

A

men and shammans

35
Q

How is sand painting done? (navajo)

A

A shamman uses his fingers to get power from mountain god and uses songs for spiritual energy and draws a picture in the sand with natural pigments and at the end the patient goes into the painting for the full healing effect then it is wiped away for the power to go back to the god.

36
Q

How is sand painting done nowadays? (navajo)

A

Sand painting is now done on cardboard and sold at airports or galleries

37
Q

Whats the difference between a pictograph and a geoglyph?

A

pictograph is paint on rocks in mountains and grasslands where geoglyphs are marks found on a desert floor in an arid, dry land

38
Q

How is basketry done in far western region?

A
  • used as status signifier, elaborate designs mean higher status
  • each design has a name story and meaning
  • receive designs from visions
  • pattern belongs to weaver like a trademark
39
Q

What is a secular basket (far west)

A
  • container for storing food
    -trapping device
40
Q

What is a ritual basket (far west)

A
  • used in burial
  • has political and social value
41
Q

What is a treasure basket? (far west)

A
  • uses colorful feathers, shells, and coral beads
  • if made for social occasions it gives honor
  • can be consumed by fire at funeral
  • enhances journey to spirit world
42
Q

What is a feathered basket? (far west)

A
  • pomo tribe gives to every new born
  • first bath performed in basket
  • basket kept through life
  • adolescent receives basket when first period starts, then gets basket training
  • showered with baskets at marriage
  • wedding gift to express love and push to have children
43
Q

Whos is a famous basket weaver? (far west)

A

Elizabeth Conrad Hickox
- unique use of shape, color, technique, design
- over 90 baskets
- got a manager who got rights to her work
no records after 1922 as Nicholson, her manager, suspended entries
- made miniatures in 1920

44
Q

What did mud brick walls do? (southern region)

A

they kept houses cool in summer and insulated in the winter

45
Q

What was the southern region beliefs?

A
  • visible and invisible realms
  • spirit beings created worldly things
  • requested peace and harmony from gods
46
Q

What was the kachina ritual for? (southern region)

A

spirits of ancestors that were invisible but could be felt and to connect to them and thank them for rain water, food, harvest, human fertility, community.

47
Q

What did they do in the kachina ritual? (southern region)

A

Masked dancers would appear and dance in the streets
3 stages:
- supernatural beings
- dancers
- wands (dolls)

48
Q

What was a kachina wand (southern region)

A

small dolls that were carved like kachina

non-western art (2 decks)

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