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Native and Naturalised Tree Species UK > Native > Flashcards

Native Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Alder’s natural habitat?

A
  • Rivers
  • Ponds
  • Lakes
  • Marshes and cool damp areas
  • Wet woodland and streams
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2
Q

Where does Frangula Alnus grow best?

A
  • Wet soils
  • Open woods
  • -Thriving in scrubs
  • Hedgerows
  • Wet heathland
  • Riverbanks and Bogs
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3
Q

How do you identify Alnus Glutinosa in Winter?

A

Female catkins and purple twigs have orange markings (lenticels)

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4
Q

Why is the Alder tree feared or thought unlucky?

A
  • When cut, the pale wood turns deep orange, giving the impression of bleeding.
  • As such, many people feared alder trees and the Irish thought it was unlucky to pass one on a journey.
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5
Q

What fungus have alder tree’s been infected by in the UK?

A

Phytophthora (Common to broadleaf species)

- Thought to be uncommon on alder until the discovery of a new hybrid strain, which causes root root and stem lesions.

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6
Q

What do Alder’s roots help to do?

A

Prevent soil erosion

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7
Q

When does Alder buckthorns flowers appear?

A

-May to June in clusters in the leaf axils.

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8
Q

How many species of the the genus Alnus are native the UK?

A

One. Alnus Glutinosa

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9
Q

Where else is Alder found other than the Britain?

A

From Europe to Siberia

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10
Q

What are small brown cones that stay on the Alder tree all year around?

A

Female catkins

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11
Q

Historically, how has Alder been used?

A
  • Construction of boats (withstands rot under water)
  • Sluice gates and water pipes (Much of venice is built on Alder pipes)
  • These days, Alders is used to make timber veneers, pulp and plywood.
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12
Q

What is the average height of a mature Alnus Glutinosa?

A

20 metres

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13
Q

What do the Alder’s male catkins look like?

A

Yellow and pendulous, measuring 2-6cm

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14
Q

Alder’s are monoecious. What does this mean?

A

Both male and female flowers are found on the same tree.

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15
Q

What other common names can Alder go by?

A

Common Alder, Black Alder, European Alder

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16
Q

What animal and insect species does the Alder tree support?

A
  • Caterpillars (Food)
  • Moths including the alder kitten, pebble hook-tip, te autumnal and the blue bordered carpet moth.
  • Source of nectar for bees
  • Seeds are eaten by the siskin, redpoll and goldfinch
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17
Q

What shape are alder trees?

A

Conical

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18
Q

What is the latin name for Alder Buckthorn?

A

Frangula Alnus

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19
Q

Is Alder Buckthorn related to Alder?

A

No, It is a colourful tree native to England and Wales, most of Europe, northern Africa and western Asia.

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20
Q

Where is Frankia Alni found in the native species Alnus Glutinosa?

A

The root nodules

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21
Q

Why does Alder improves the fertility of the soil?

A
  • The bacterium Frankia alni absorbs nitrogen from the air and makes it available to the tree.
  • Alder, in turn, provides the bacterium with sugars, which it produces through photosynthesis.
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22
Q

How does the Alder Buckthorn reproduce?

A

It is hermaphrodite, meaning that male and female reproductive parts are contained within the name flower.

23
Q

What are the twigs like of an Alnus Glutinosa?

A
  • Light brown spotted stem which turns red towards the top.

- Young twigs are sticky to the touch.

24
Q

What threats or pest are associated with Alder Buckthorn?

A

None

25
Q

How is Alder Buckthorn used?

A
  • Various dye’s
  • Charcoal is prized in the manufacture of gunpower
  • Horticultural value as an informal hedge.
  • The wood has been used to make wooden nails and shoe lasts.
26
Q

How are Alder’s pollinated?

A

By the wind

27
Q

What is the bark like of an Alder Tree

A
  • Dark is fissured

- Often covered in lichen

28
Q

How does Frangula Alnus benefit wildlife?

A
  • Food plant of the brimstone butterfly whose caterpillars eat the leaves.
  • It’s flowers provide a source of pollen and nectar for bees and other insects, and it’s berries are eaten by birds.
29
Q

What do the Alder’s female catkins look like?

A
  • Green and oval-shaped

- Grouped in numbers of three to eight on each stalk

30
Q

How can you diagnose alder dieback?

A
  • In summer, leaves are abnormally small and yellow, and often fall prematurely
  • Infected trees have dead twigs and branches in the crown.
  • They may also bear an unusually large number of cones- a sign of stress
  • Sometimes the trees die rapidly, sometimes they deteriorate gradually.
  • Bleeding from the bark (brown rusty spots)
31
Q

Does Alder coppice well?

A

Yes, and the wood makes excellent charcoal and gunpowder.

32
Q

What kind of soil does Frangula Alnus grow in?

A

It prefers acidic soils but can grow on neutral soils as well.

33
Q

What are leaves like on an Alnus Glutinosa?

A
  • Purple or grey leaf buds form on long stems
  • 3-9cm long dark green leaves are racquet-saped and leathery, with serrated edges
  • The leaf tip is never pointed and is often indented
34
Q

What does a pollinated female catkin look like?

A
  • Woody and appear as tiny cone-like fruits in winter

- They open up to release seeds, which are dispersed by wind and water

35
Q

What has Alder got do with Robin Hood?

A

The green dye from the flowers was used to colour the clothes and also thought to colour the clothes of fairies

36
Q

How long do Alder’s usually live?

A

60 years

37
Q

Where are the Alnus species distributed?

A

Throught the North Temperate zone and in North, Central and South America.

38
Q

What colour is the bark of Alder Buckthorn?

A

-Outer bark is dark brown but the innber barkis bright yellow when exposed.

39
Q

How tall can mature Alder Buckthorn grow to?

A

6m

40
Q

How is Frangula Alnus identified in winter?

A
  • Buds do not have scales and are hairy.

- Peeling back the bark surface reveals yellow bark underneath.

41
Q

Why is Alder a good tree for the successional species that follow?

A

It helps provide additional nitrogen

42
Q

What can Alder Buckthorn be confused with?

A
  • Cornus Sanguinea (Dogwood) which is not spiny.

- Rhamnus Cathartica (Purging Buckthorn) which has oppostite as opposed to alternate leaves.

43
Q

Alder is noted for its important symbiotic relationship with which nitrogen-fixing bacterium?

A

Frankia alni

44
Q

Can Alder grow in nutrient-poor soil?

A

Yes. Because of it’s association with nitrogen-fixing bacterium Franki alni. it can grow where few other tree’s thrive.

45
Q

What are the twigs like of an Alder Buckthorn?

A
  • Smooth and thornless and straight.

- Purple-brown in colour with fine white streaks.

46
Q

What are th leaves like on an Alder Buckthorn?

A
  • Matt green
  • Oval
  • 3-7cm long and slightly hairy.
  • They have a rounded tip but are tapered toward the stalk.
47
Q

When dos Alnus Glutinosa Flower?

A

Between February and April

48
Q

Does Alder Buckthorn produce fruits?

A

Yes. Once pollinated by insects, the flowers develop into a small berry, which ripens from green to red in late summer, eventually to a dark purple or black in early autumn.

49
Q

How many species are there in the genus Alnus?

A

20 to 30

50
Q

What do the flowers of an Alder Buckthorn look like?

A
  • Star shaped
  • 3-5mm diameter
  • 5 greenish-white triangular petals.
51
Q

Why can the Alnus Glutinosa be confused with Corylus avellana?

A

The rounded leaf shapes are similar however hazel leaves are softly hairy compared to te shiny ones of alder.

52
Q

What is the Latin name of Alder?

A

Alnus Glutinosa

53
Q

Where are tree’s used to improve soil fertility?

A
  • Former industrial wasteland and brownfied sites.

- They are also used in flood mitigation.

54
Q

Alder naturally prefers damp locations but where else can it occur?

A
  • Drier locations
  • Mixed Woodland
  • Forest Edges

Native and Naturalised Tree Species UK (1 decks)

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