Nationalism Flashcards
What did Rousseau think about what forms a nation state?
Rosseau: Only people who share a national identity can create a single consciousness to form a nation state
What is a liberal nationalism approach to nationhood?
rational approach, inclusive and open
Why do liberal nationalism support civic nationalism?
Rousseau supports civic nationalism - being committed and loyal to the nation’s values is the primary requirement for membership, so anyone who identifies passionately with the values of a nation should be permitted to join it.
LN: What did Rousseau argue the government should be founded upon?
Rousseau argued that government should be based not on the absolute power of a monarch, but on the indivisible collective will of the entire community
Would liberal nationalists support Begum?
Liberal nationalists might well be oppose Shameema Begum, who they might argue has broken her side of Rousseau’s social contract by joining an organisation that does not accept the values of liberal tolerance, so she must lose her right to be British.
Liberal nationalists want a world of …
Nation states
LN: view on self-determination
Nations have the right to self determination just as individuals have the right to freedom and autonomy.
What do LN about colonial enslavement?
Colonial enslavement is wrong and by creating a world of free democratic nation states this would be ended.
CN: What does Herder argue that a nation is defined by and each nation has?
Herder: argues that a nation was defined by a common language that allowed it to express a common culture
Herder: claimed each nation had a unique volksgeist based on its own experiences,history and culture - this means no nation could be the same as any other and all cultures were valuable
What is the aim of culturalism?
protect a nation’s unique culture – without always focusing on statehood. Wales is happy with devolution but wants to take action to protect welsh language and culture
What does cultralism suggest?
each nation has an essence linked to its music, art and language
What does garvey believe about nations?
emphasised the need for more black pride to articulate black people’s cultural contributions
En: how does herder ideology get misconstrued for expansionism?
Herder = developer of culturalism but his ideas have been used to support expansionist nationalism as they believe that one nation’s unique spirit can be superior to others.
What does maurass say about some states?
Expansionist nationalist believe only some nations benefit from nation states and others should accept their positions as colonies of the ‘stronger’ nations (Maurras). In the past, it was a sign of power to rule over other nations - British Empire
why is LN more rational ?
> It is more rational based on citizens actively participating in society as equal - focus on mutual respect for rights and identities.
Rousseau believes that rational individuals desire their own freedom
What is garvey view on human nature ? (PC)
Garvey: Although supporting racial separatism he believed all humans were equal and did not want to create a hostile atmosphere.
What do liberal and anti/post colonial nationalists view on human nature?
Liberal and anti/postcolonial nationalists hold a positive perspective on human nature, believing that government should be founded on the consent of the people, a notion rooted in rational interpretation according to Rousseau. - emphasizing the potential for individuals to coexist harmoniously based on shared values.
What are expansionists view on human nature?
more irrational view of human nature as they believe some countries are superior to other, leading to various ways of treatment - . This exaggerated form of nationalism is exclusive.
What about racialism?
> Racialism: The belief that all member of each race possess characteristics and abilities which allows it to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races -> leads expansionist nationalists to the conclusion that they are entitled to the territory currently held by other racial groups. Expansionist nationalism is based on both imperialism and racial conquest, whereby the interests of one nation justify it dominating others.
Humanity is not one single race but divided into separate races which are biological and fixed. This leads to a racial hierarchy as each are prescribed good or bad traits
What do conservative nationalists believe about HN?
> Irrational - It is based on emotions, not logic or reason – hence the appeal to nostalgia
Conservatives believe that humans seek security and tend to be drawn to their own people. Conservative nationalism encourages an emotional, nostalgic view of the nation and uses rituals and ceremonies to appeal to people’s deep cultural connection to their nation.
What does Herder argue that collective identity is based on
Herder: a collective identity based on a cultural group with a common language and history -> Culturalism and the volksgeist are more emotional aspects -> prehaps more irrational
What did the expansionists about the economy?
> Expansionists believe that reliance on other nations is not necessary and that nations is not necessary and that nations should be self-sufficient
Economic dominance of the stronger states over weaker ones
What do LN believe about liberal nationalism?
> Assume that nations want to co-operate economically with the peaceful resolution of disputes.
Cooperation for mutual benefit is key and driven by the economy and in particular, free trade.
What do PC believe about the economy?
> Garvey: A black state would lead to capitalism that benefits all and combats the economic dominance of international capitalism.
More radically, black people should go to Africa to set up an African nation in their ancient homeland. Only when they could show success economically, culturally and politically would whites see them as equal.
Anti/postcolonial nationalists mostly advocate for socialist internationalism, criticising capitalism and globalisation as exploitative practices of the Western world.
PC: They related strongly to Lenin’s analysis of imperialism as a form of capitalist oppression. Lenin argued that rich, Western capitalist countries could ‘buy off’ the indigenous working-class of their colonies by exploiting and pillaging the raw materials and cheap labour.
