Nationalism

Question 1

Nationalist views on human nature

Answer 1

Humans naturally form nations
Nations are the only logical way for humans to organise themselves

Question 2

Political vs cultural definition of the nation

Answer 2

Political-
Inclusive as membership defined by citizenship, joining doesn’t require assimilation
Civic nationalism (those who subscribe to the nations views and values can join eg American dream, British values)

VS

Cultural- membership defined by nationality, tradition, shared history, race etc making it exclusive
Ethnic nationalism- membership usually inherited through ethnicity from birth

Question 3

Explain Rousseau’s key ideas

Answer 3

“General will”- legitimate government requires active participation (civic nationalism)
Social contract

Question 4

Explain Mazzini’s key ideas

Answer 4

‘Every nation a state and one state for the entire nation’
Rejected intellectualism/ abstract thinking- developed his theory ‘thought and action’ which states that every thought must be followed by an action
“Say not I but we’”

Question 5

Explain Herder’s key ideas

Answer 5

Organic view of the nation
Culturalism- a romantic view of the nation, every nation has its own Volksgeist.
Rejected imperialism- this constitutes forcing on colonies a culture that is not theirs
Patriotism-“he that has lost his patriotic spirit has lost himself and the whole worlds about himself”

Question 6

Explain Garvey’s key ideas

Answer 6

Pan Africanism- Africans are one nation no matter their location

Black nationalism- pride in blackness eg not straightening hair to look more white

Separatism- black people could only be respected and treated equally if they created a successful economy/ society on their own

‘I am the equal of any white man’

Question 7

Explain Maurras’ key ideas

Answer 7

Integral nationalism- highly exclusive, membership is completely exclusive even with assimilation

Regressive- backward looking ‘in order to love France it is necessary to hate what she has become

Romantic/ non logical- believed in a French goddess

Militaristic- as a method of improving national pride and advancing economic interests

Anti individualist- individuals are subsumed by the nations ‘A true nationalist places his country above everything’

Reject self determination due to chauvinism