Nationalism

Question 1

Definition and Key Themes

Answer 1

“A political principle according to which political and cultural boundaries should be congruent.”

Question 2

“A political principle according to which political and cultural boundaries should be congruent.”

Answer 2

• This puts a lot of weight on “culture” I would AMEND this to:

Question 3

• A political principle according to which political boundaries and national identity should be congruent. This means:

Answer 3

• The world is made up of “nations”- this is a fact of primary importance
• Members of a nation identify with it and value it
• The national identity requires political/jurisdictional expression

Question 4

• Members of a nation identify with it and value it

Answer 4

• Many scholars see nationalism as requiring that the nation be its members’ supreme attachment

Question 5

• The national identity requires political/jurisdictional expression

Answer 5

• Some form of collective control over its destiny

Question 6

• Some form of collective control over its destiny

Answer 6

• This is what takes nationalism beyond a mere sentimental attachment to a nation and makes it a political ideology

Question 7

Two types of nation (And therefore nationalism)

Answer 7

• Civic/ethnic nation and nationalisms
• Both would agree that the nation should be “congruent” with jurisdiction, but define the nation differently.

Question 8

Ethnic

Answer 8

• the nation is a “thick” identity with richly shared genetic, cultural roots- an ancestral heritage
• Membership is largely by birth and hard to acquire

Question 9

Civic

Answer 9

• the nation is rooted in civic solidarity: allegiance to shared law, constitution, institutions, political values
• Membership is by citizenship, can be acquired by immigrating

Question 10

Pros of Ethnic

Answer 10

• Nourishes a very strong sense of belonging and historical continuity- rootedness
• Use of state power can support endangered or vulnerable national cultures

Question 11

Cons of ethnic

Answer 11

• Exclusionary/illiberal
• Homogenizing
• Can encourage inward-looking parochialism

Question 12

Pros of civic nationalism

Answer 12

• Liberal, democratic inclusive

Question 13

Cons of civic nationalism

Answer 13

• Accused of obscuring the links between civic institutions and specific cultural identities (e.g., English language, British institutions)
• Can be a way of (hypocritically) denigrating state-seeking minority nationalisms

Question 14

• Accused of obscuring the links between civic institutions and specific cultural identities (e.g., English language, British institutions)

Answer 14

• In what the textbook calls “homogenizing” nationalism, the nation’s “civic values” can be used to marginalize minority cultures/religions

Question 15

• In what the textbook calls “homogenizing” nationalism, the nation’s “civic values” can be used to marginalize minority cultures/religions

Answer 15

• laicite in France, Quebec

Question 16

• Can be a way of (hypocritically) denigrating state-seeking minority nationalisms

Answer 16

• Nations without states cannot be civic (by definition)

Question 17

Some Varieties of Nationalism

Answer 17

• State-seeking nationalisms
• Homeland nationalisms
• Diaspora nationalisms
• National-populism

Question 18

State-seeking nationalisms

Answer 18

• National group seeks either (a) a jurisdiction within a state, or (b) an independent state

Question 19

• National group seeks either (a) a jurisdiction within a state, or (b) an independent state

Answer 19

• Examples of (a): Indigenous peoples in Canada
• Examples of (b): Quebec, Catalonia, Scotland

Question 20

Homeland nationalisms

Answer 20

• The national identity is perceived to overlap political jurisdictions

Question 21

• The national identity is perceived to overlap political jurisdictions

Answer 21

• Actions

Question 22

Actions

Answer 22

• Annexation by the “home” state (e.g. Russia in Ukraine)
• Cultural, material support across borders

Question 23

Diaspora nationalisms

Answer 23

• Members of the national identity living outside the homeland- mobilized for nationalist projects within it (e.g., Khalistan referendum, Jewish-American support for Israel)

Question 24

National-populism

Answer 24

• Mobilize vs. Internal elites and minorities

Question 25

Other interesting nationalist projects

Answer 25

• Nation-building
• The “problem” of minority nations (impeding congruence between state and national identity)

Question 26

• Nation-building

Answer 26

• Attempt to build/strengthen national belonging and solidarity within a state

Question 27

• Attempt to build/strengthen national belonging and solidarity within a state

Answer 27

• Leverage education system to inculcate national belonging (e.g., US Pledge of Allegiance)
• Invest in symbolism, cultural production, festivals, etc.
• Try to limit or moderate the influence of external forces (e.g., American corporate, cultural, political power)

Question 28

• Invest in symbolism, cultural production, festivals, etc.

Answer 28

• When successful, can become “banal”- so commonplace as to be taken for granted

Question 29

• The “problem” of minority nations (impeding congruence between state and national identity)

Answer 29

• Options:

Question 30

• Options:

Answer 30

• Inclusive redefinition of national identity (e.g. Canadian bilingualism, new flag in 1960’s)
• Federal structures- give minority nations partial autonomy (Quebec)
• Eliminate the minority identity via assimilation, expulsion, genocide

Question 31

Contemporary application

Answer 31

• Fukayama, “Against Identity Politics”

Question 32

• Fukayama, “Against Identity Politics”

Answer 32

• Fukayama has something he is arguing against (I.e., he is “against” something called “identity politics”); and something he is arguing for (a creedal national identity).