Nationalism Flashcards
1
Q
Definition and Key Themes
A
“A political principle according to which political and cultural boundaries should be congruent.”
2
Q
“A political principle according to which political and cultural boundaries should be congruent.”
A
- This puts a lot of weight on “culture” I would AMEND this to:
3
Q
- A political principle according to which political boundaries and national identity should be congruent. This means:
A
- The world is made up of “nations”- this is a fact of primary importance
- Members of a nation identify with it and value it
- The national identity requires political/jurisdictional expression
4
Q
- Members of a nation identify with it and value it
A
- Many scholars see nationalism as requiring that the nation be its members’ supreme attachment
5
Q
- The national identity requires political/jurisdictional expression
A
- Some form of collective control over its destiny
6
Q
- Some form of collective control over its destiny
A
- This is what takes nationalism beyond a mere sentimental attachment to a nation and makes it a political ideology
7
Q
Two types of nation (And therefore nationalism)
A
- Civic/ethnic nation and nationalisms
- Both would agree that the nation should be “congruent” with jurisdiction, but define the nation differently.
8
Q
Ethnic
A
- the nation is a “thick” identity with richly shared genetic, cultural roots- an ancestral heritage
- Membership is largely by birth and hard to acquire
9
Q
Civic
A
- the nation is rooted in civic solidarity: allegiance to shared law, constitution, institutions, political values
- Membership is by citizenship, can be acquired by immigrating
10
Q
Pros of Ethnic
A
- Nourishes a very strong sense of belonging and historical continuity- rootedness
- Use of state power can support endangered or vulnerable national cultures
11
Q
Cons of ethnic
A
- Exclusionary/illiberal
- Homogenizing
- Can encourage inward-looking parochialism
12
Q
Pros of civic nationalism
A
- Liberal, democratic inclusive
13
Q
Cons of civic nationalism
A
- Accused of obscuring the links between civic institutions and specific cultural identities (e.g., English language, British institutions)
- Can be a way of (hypocritically) denigrating state-seeking minority nationalisms
14
Q
- Accused of obscuring the links between civic institutions and specific cultural identities (e.g., English language, British institutions)
A
- In what the textbook calls “homogenizing” nationalism, the nation’s “civic values” can be used to marginalize minority cultures/religions
15
Q
- In what the textbook calls “homogenizing” nationalism, the nation’s “civic values” can be used to marginalize minority cultures/religions
A
- laicite in France, Quebec
16
Q
- Can be a way of (hypocritically) denigrating state-seeking minority nationalisms
A
- Nations without states cannot be civic (by definition)
17
Q
Some Varieties of Nationalism
A
- State-seeking nationalisms
- Homeland nationalisms
- Diaspora nationalisms
- National-populism
18
Q
State-seeking nationalisms
A
- National group seeks either (a) a jurisdiction within a state, or (b) an independent state
19
Q
- National group seeks either (a) a jurisdiction within a state, or (b) an independent state
A
- Examples of (a): Indigenous peoples in Canada
- Examples of (b): Quebec, Catalonia, Scotland
20
Q
Homeland nationalisms
A
- The national identity is perceived to overlap political jurisdictions
21
Q
- The national identity is perceived to overlap political jurisdictions
A
- Actions
22
Q
Actions
A
- Annexation by the “home” state (e.g. Russia in Ukraine)
- Cultural, material support across borders
23
Q
Diaspora nationalisms
A
- Members of the national identity living outside the homeland- mobilized for nationalist projects within it (e.g., Khalistan referendum, Jewish-American support for Israel)
24
Q
National-populism
A
- Mobilize vs. Internal elites and minorities
25
Other interesting nationalist projects
- Nation-building
- The “problem” of minority nations (impeding congruence between state and national identity)
26
- Nation-building
- Attempt to build/strengthen national belonging and solidarity within a state
27
- Attempt to build/strengthen national belonging and solidarity within a state
- Leverage education system to inculcate national belonging (e.g., US Pledge of Allegiance)
- Invest in symbolism, cultural production, festivals, etc.
- Try to limit or moderate the influence of external forces (e.g., American corporate, cultural, political power)
28
- Invest in symbolism, cultural production, festivals, etc.
- When successful, can become “banal”- so commonplace as to be taken for granted
29
- The “problem” of minority nations (impeding congruence between state and national identity)
- Options:
30
- Options:
- Inclusive redefinition of national identity (e.g. Canadian bilingualism, new flag in 1960’s)
- Federal structures- give minority nations partial autonomy (Quebec)
- Eliminate the minority identity via assimilation, expulsion, genocide
31
Contemporary application
- Fukayama, “Against Identity Politics”
32
- Fukayama, “Against Identity Politics”
- Fukayama has something he is arguing against (I.e., he is “against” something called “identity politics”); and something he is arguing for (a creedal national identity).
