Nationalism

Question 1

What is the Volksgeist

Answer 1

This refers to the spirit that binds a people together. It can be variously based on language, culture, shared history or intellectual superiority.

Most associated with German Philosopher Johann Von Herder

Question 2

What is Patriotism

Answer 2

This is a strong sense of attachment to pride in the state which one lives. Where the nation and the state are closely allied, it also refers to national pride

Question 3

What is civic nationalism

Answer 3

This is a sense of shared national pride in the values of a nation. In most liberal democracies these are typically tolerance, love of liberty and equality between all groups and individuals

Question 4

Liberal internationalism

Answer 4

This is the principle that each nation should respect the values and sovereignty of other nations provided they do not pose a direct threat to other nations.

Question 5

What is Chauvinism

Answer 5

This exaggerated form of patriotism and national pride sees one nation as superior to all others

Question 6

What is nativism

Answer 6

This is a form of nationalism or patriotism which distinguishes between the ‘native’ population of a country and immigrant groups who have arrived more recently

Used to curb immigration and introduce economic policies that ensure the economic well being of native groups.

Question 7

What is Von Herder’s (1744 - 1803) book title

Answer 7

Treatise on the Origin of Language 1772

Question 8

Von Herder context

Answer 8

German Philosopher forming part of a romantic reaction against the rational ideas of the enlightenment

Writing before the German unification, at the time Germany was divided into many separate states

Question 9

What is Von Herders view on Human nature

Answer 9

Von herder believes that people are joined by common language, their cultural identity is based of the language which they speak.]

Believed in what he called the Volksgeist which comes from the word Volk meaning a Folk, this was a spirit amongst the people binding them together.

Question 10

what does Von herder believe about the state

Answer 10

States can only be based upon common culture and linguistic heritage

Question 11

What does Von herder believe about society

Answer 11

Society is based of common culture and national heritage

Question 12

What does Von herder believe about the Economy

Answer 12

Made no special relationships between nation and economy

Question 13

Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712 - 1782 book titles

Answer 13

The social contract 1762

Considerations on the government of Poland 1771-1772

Question 14

Rousseau context

Answer 14

Writing before the French Revolution, was dead when it happened in 1789.

French philosopher in the enlightenment period.

Beleived there was a general will amongst the people which brought them together.

Question 15

What is Rousseau’s view on the state

Answer 15

People are rational beings who desire their own freedom

Question 16

What does Rousseau thing about the state

Answer 16

The state is there for self determination, a firm believer in democracy and had a massive influence of the thought of the nation state

Question 17

What did Rousseau believe about society

Answer 17

Political society must be based on national self determination.

A nation state cold be created from the democracy, education and the psychology of people

Question 18

What did Rousseau think about the economy

Answer 18

There was no particular relationship between nationalism and economic structures

Question 19

Giuseppe Mazzini 1805 - 72 book titles

Answer 19

The duties of Man 1860

Question 20

Mazzini context

Answer 20

His philosophy was combined with his heroic political and military action during the unification of italy

1831 started young italy which was determined to overthrow the herditary monarchies and unite Italy

Question 21

What was Mazzini view on Human nature

Answer 21

He was a romantic nationalist, he saw the forces that bind people together as being spiritual in nature.

People seek liberty, but contained in the liberty of the people to which they belong

Question 22

What did Mazzini think of the state

Answer 22

There should be a republican state.

The state is a romantic ideal, the ultimate expression of the unity of a people

Question 23

How did Mazzini view Society

Answer 23

Whilst he did believe that society must allow personal freedom to flourish, he also thought that individual liberty should not interfere with the nations goal.

National interests over individual interest

Question 24

how did Mazzini view the economy

Answer 24

Economic freedom is a natural result of general freedom enjoyed by nations and their peoples

Question 25

CXharles Maurras 1868-1952 book titles

Answer 25

Action Francaise 1899 (journal)

Question 26

Charles Maurras context

Answer 26

Prime example of right wing nationalism, his views can be found in modern day nativist thinking.

Pro monarchy, anti Semitic and anti democracy

Jewish people were responsible for the misfortunes of France and the introduction of decadent life styles (showoffy)

Question 27

Maurras view on Human nature

Answer 27

He believed that ethnic identity is a key aspect of our consciousness,

The Jewish people were responsible in the decline in French fortunes

He opposed all 3 principles of the French Revolution
Fraternity - french people are now too close to inferior people
Liberty - lack of respect for the authority of the state
Equality - too punch power to the ignorant masses

Question 28

What is Maurras’ view of the state

Answer 28

The state should be a hereditary monarchy rather than a democracy. Wanted a return to pre-revolutionary France

Church and State fused, and democracy had very limited scope

Question 29

What was Marruas’ view on society

Answer 29

The interests and consciousness of individuals should be suppressed in favour of the collective identity

Society is based of ethnicity and some society it’s are superior due to their ethnicity

Admired fascism and the Germans attitude towards the Jewish people however not Germany itself as in his lifetime Germany invaded 3 times Franco Prussia 1870, WW1 1914 and ww2 1839

Question 30

What was Mauras’ view on the economy

Answer 30

The superior culture of one nattily leads to the economic dominance of that nation over weaker nations.

Question 31

Marcus Garvey 1887-1940 book titles

Answer 31

Message to the people 1937

Negro world - Journal to encourage black education

Question 32

Marcus Garvey context

Answer 32

Jamaican politician, writer and entrepreneur (Jamaica was a British colony

Described as a black nationalist and a Pan-Africanist, one of the first people to propose the unification of the continent

Despite lack of success in his lifetime, Garvey had a profound influence on future black emancipation movements, notably Malcom X’s Nation of Islam.

Question 33

Marcus Garvey view on Human nature

Answer 33

The African people were one single race who had been scattered by slavery and divided within Africa itself by colonial rule

By uniting all black peoples this would be capable of overthrowing colonial rule and creating a new free united Africa.

Question 34

Garvey’s view on the state

Answer 34

States are artificial constructs, the products of white supremacy. the only meaningful state should be the united black peoples of the world.

Garvey identified Ethiopia as the origojnal breeding ground for human society, so that is where he wanted to start the pan African state and transport the African people in American to

Question 35

Garvey’s thought on Society

Answer 35

Black society will be superior to white society once the colonial oppression of black people is defeated

Question 36

Garvey’s thought on The economy.

Answer 36

He opposed both international capitalism which he though would lead to imperialism

He opposed communism which he thought leads to dictatorship.

Black peoples should set up their own form of capitalism which is in their best interest.