National Security Careers / INTRODUCTION TO LEGAL, POLITICAL, AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY Vocabulary Flashcards
(GDP) a measurement that includes everything produced within a country
gross domestic product
development of new products or related applied research conducted by individuals, businesses, and governments
research and development
a country or political group that has the power to influence world events
world power
a country that has made an agreement with the U.S. to work together, especially during war; allies agree to provide each other support and protection
ally
a country’s representative, statesman, or ambassador who carries out diplomacy
diplomat
a country’s strategies and behaviors when dealing with other countries
foreign policy
a dramatic increase in nuclear weapons, especially when one country increases its store of nuclear weapons as its enemies increase theirs
nuclear proliferation
a formal judgment or decision that has been approved by Congress but has not been made into law
resolution
a geographical description for the western half of the globe including North, Central, and South America and the surrounding waters
Western Hemisphere
a government policy based on the belief that national interests are best served by getting involved in worldwide affairs
interventionism
a government policy based on the belief that national interests are best served by avoiding economic and political alliances with other countries
isolationism
a larger-scale uprising than a rebellion; often calls for complete independence from the established government
revolution
a militant terrorist group with radical religious beliefs whose goal is to rid the world of non-Muslims; also called the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS); (ISIL)
Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant
a name for the Americas, especially during the time of early exploration and colonization of the Americas by Europeans
New World
a nation that extends its power through foreign policy and, if necessary, military force and colonization
imperial power
a personal struggle or holy war waged against non-Muslims on behalf of Islam
jihad
a political and economic union that includes 28 European countries and was officially created in November 1993; (EU)
European Union
a radical Islamic terrorist group founded by Osama bin Laden in 1988
Al-Qaeda
a set of government policies that ensure the protection of a country’s interests, both inside and outside its borders
national security
a system of rules enforced by the government and usually supported through religious and social behavior
law
a system of social organization in which all property and industry is publicly owned for the common good
communism
an economic system in which industry and trade are privately owned for profit
capitalism
an Islamic form of government established through religious, political, and military conquest; the only form of government that has the full approval of traditional Islam
caliphate
an overall plan to reach the goals and procedures of a group, such as the government
policy
an uprising led by rebels who are fighting against the established government
rebellion
any secret information that is only available to authorized people
classified
any strategy, intelligence, or action to prevent terrorism
counterterrorism
closely watching the behavior, movements, and communications of others, especially those suspected of a crime
surveillance
deadly, unavoidable damage that world powers are likely to inflict on each other in a nuclear war; (MAD)
mutually assured destruction
extending political and economic control over an area
colonization
extreme beliefs that call for major change that are not supported by the majority of people
radicalism
fighter planes designed to hide from enemy radar, have precise targeting, and use laser-guided bombs
stealth aircraft
fighting between two or more groups within the same country
Civil War
fines or other penalties for disobeying the law
sanctions
form of government in which a very small group of people have power over the majority
oligarchy
hatred or prejudice against Jewish people
anti-semitism
information that has been gathered and analyzed so that it is useful to diplomats and policymakers in making decisions about threats to national security
intelligence
people who are against slavery
abolitionists
people who move to a new country for permanent residence
immigrants
people who trade their labor, often over many years, in exchange for freedom and passage to the New World
indentured servants
period from 1947-1991 with global tension, but little direct armed confrontation, between the U.S. and Soviet Union
Cold War
power sources, such as wind and solar resources, that can be used over and over again without using fossil fuels like coal or oil
renewable energy
spying to gather sensitive military, political, economic, and computer systems information from other countries, businesses, or individuals
espionage
the art of creating and solving codes or secret messages
cryptology
the behaviors that civilized nations agree to in war and other conflicts
rules of engagement
the belief that America was destined to expand from the east coast to the west coast
Manifest Destiny
the crime of deceiving or tricking others for personal or financial gain
fraud
the internal U.S. with a focus on issues such as the economy, unemployment, health care, education, and infrastructure; the opposite of foreign
domestic
the measures taken to protect a computer, its programs, and other electronic data from unauthorized access or attack
cybersecurity
the official seat of government in the colonies, conducting diplomacy for the U.S
Continental Congress
the physical structures needed to operate a society, including roads, bridges, transportation systems, water systems, communications, utilities, and public buildings
infrastructure
the practice of buying and selling products
commerce
the practice of international relations and negotiations among countries’ representatives, or diplomats
diplomacy
the recognition and acceptance by others of individuals, groups, or nations
legitimacy
the understanding that the law and not individuals should govern a society
rule of law
violent acts against others, usually against civilians, with the purpose of intimidating them or influencing government policy
terrorism
