National Security Careers / INTRODUCTION TO LEGAL, POLITICAL, AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY Vocabulary

Question 1

(GDP) a measurement that includes everything produced within a country

Answer 1

gross domestic product

Question 2

development of new products or related applied research conducted by individuals, businesses, and governments

Answer 2

research and development

Question 3

a country or political group that has the power to influence world events

Answer 3

world power

Question 4

a country that has made an agreement with the U.S. to work together, especially during war; allies agree to provide each other support and protection

Answer 4

ally

Question 5

a country’s representative, statesman, or ambassador who carries out diplomacy

Answer 5

diplomat

Question 6

a country’s strategies and behaviors when dealing with other countries

Answer 6

foreign policy

Question 7

a dramatic increase in nuclear weapons, especially when one country increases its store of nuclear weapons as its enemies increase theirs

Answer 7

nuclear proliferation

Question 8

a formal judgment or decision that has been approved by Congress but has not been made into law

Answer 8

resolution

Question 9

a geographical description for the western half of the globe including North, Central, and South America and the surrounding waters

Answer 9

Western Hemisphere

Question 10

a government policy based on the belief that national interests are best served by getting involved in worldwide affairs

Answer 10

interventionism

Question 11

a government policy based on the belief that national interests are best served by avoiding economic and political alliances with other countries

Answer 11

isolationism

Question 12

a larger-scale uprising than a rebellion; often calls for complete independence from the established government

Answer 12

revolution

Question 13

a militant terrorist group with radical religious beliefs whose goal is to rid the world of non-Muslims; also called the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS); (ISIL)

Answer 13

Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant

Question 14

a name for the Americas, especially during the time of early exploration and colonization of the Americas by Europeans

Answer 14

New World

Question 15

a nation that extends its power through foreign policy and, if necessary, military force and colonization

Answer 15

imperial power

Question 16

a personal struggle or holy war waged against non-Muslims on behalf of Islam

Answer 16

jihad

Question 17

a political and economic union that includes 28 European countries and was officially created in November 1993; (EU)

Answer 17

European Union

Question 18

a radical Islamic terrorist group founded by Osama bin Laden in 1988

Answer 18

Al-Qaeda

Question 19

a set of government policies that ensure the protection of a country’s interests, both inside and outside its borders

Answer 19

national security

Question 20

a system of rules enforced by the government and usually supported through religious and social behavior

Answer 20

law

Question 21

a system of social organization in which all property and industry is publicly owned for the common good

Answer 21

communism

Question 22

an economic system in which industry and trade are privately owned for profit

Answer 22

capitalism

Question 23

an Islamic form of government established through religious, political, and military conquest; the only form of government that has the full approval of traditional Islam

Answer 23

caliphate

Question 24

an overall plan to reach the goals and procedures of a group, such as the government

Answer 24

policy

Question 25

an uprising led by rebels who are fighting against the established government

Answer 25

rebellion

Question 26

any secret information that is only available to authorized people

Answer 26

classified

Question 27

any strategy, intelligence, or action to prevent terrorism

Answer 27

counterterrorism

Question 28

closely watching the behavior, movements, and communications of others, especially those suspected of a crime

Answer 28

surveillance

Question 29

deadly, unavoidable damage that world powers are likely to inflict on each other in a nuclear war; (MAD)

Answer 29

mutually assured destruction

Question 30

extending political and economic control over an area

Answer 30

colonization

Question 31

extreme beliefs that call for major change that are not supported by the majority of people

Answer 31

radicalism

Question 32

fighter planes designed to hide from enemy radar, have precise targeting, and use laser-guided bombs

Answer 32

stealth aircraft

Question 33

fighting between two or more groups within the same country

Answer 33

Civil War

Question 34

fines or other penalties for disobeying the law

Answer 34

sanctions

Question 35

form of government in which a very small group of people have power over the majority

Answer 35

oligarchy

Question 36

hatred or prejudice against Jewish people

Answer 36

anti-semitism

Question 37

information that has been gathered and analyzed so that it is useful to diplomats and policymakers in making decisions about threats to national security

Answer 37

intelligence

Question 38

people who are against slavery

Answer 38

abolitionists

Question 39

people who move to a new country for permanent residence

Answer 39

immigrants

Question 40

people who trade their labor, often over many years, in exchange for freedom and passage to the New World

Answer 40

indentured servants

Question 41

period from 1947-1991 with global tension, but little direct armed confrontation, between the U.S. and Soviet Union

Answer 41

Cold War

Question 42

power sources, such as wind and solar resources, that can be used over and over again without using fossil fuels like coal or oil

Answer 42

renewable energy

Question 43

spying to gather sensitive military, political, economic, and computer systems information from other countries, businesses, or individuals

Answer 43

espionage

Question 44

the art of creating and solving codes or secret messages

Answer 44

cryptology

Question 45

the behaviors that civilized nations agree to in war and other conflicts

Answer 45

rules of engagement

Question 46

the belief that America was destined to expand from the east coast to the west coast

Answer 46

Manifest Destiny

Question 47

the crime of deceiving or tricking others for personal or financial gain

Answer 47

fraud

Question 48

the internal U.S. with a focus on issues such as the economy, unemployment, health care, education, and infrastructure; the opposite of foreign

Answer 48

domestic

Question 49

the measures taken to protect a computer, its programs, and other electronic data from unauthorized access or attack

Answer 49

cybersecurity

Question 50

the official seat of government in the colonies, conducting diplomacy for the U.S

Answer 50

Continental Congress

Question 51

the physical structures needed to operate a society, including roads, bridges, transportation systems, water systems, communications, utilities, and public buildings

Answer 51

infrastructure

Question 52

the practice of buying and selling products

Answer 52

commerce

Question 53

the practice of international relations and negotiations among countries’ representatives, or diplomats

Answer 53

diplomacy

Question 54

the recognition and acceptance by others of individuals, groups, or nations

Answer 54

legitimacy

Question 55

the understanding that the law and not individuals should govern a society

Answer 55

rule of law

Question 56

violent acts against others, usually against civilians, with the purpose of intimidating them or influencing government policy

Answer 56

terrorism