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EG0001 > National Cohesion and total defence > Flashcards

National Cohesion and total defence Flashcards

1
Q

What is total defence?

A
  • Defence in totality, not just about military
  • A comprehensive term that is all encompassing, affecting every fabric of our lives
  • More than a concept
  • Fish analogy - big fish eat small fish, small fish eats the shrimp, many consider Singapore as a shrimp
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2
Q

Why total defence?

  1. Jin tai sec school
  2. 15th Feb 142
  3. Royal British forces
A
  • Jin Tai Sec School incident in 1999 (8 boys ran a mock invasion in the school, no one knew what to do, they got hurt)
  • 15th Feb 1942 - Singapore surrendered to Japan
  • mighty or mythical? Royal British Forces surrendered, Singapore suffered heavy casualties (50,000 lives lost)
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3
Q

Why total defence?

A
  1. Post secondary Singapore, TF assures us security, survival and success
  2. 3S or S-cube of nationhood
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4
Q

Why do we need total defence in today’s world?

A
  • Conflicts caused by ethnic, religion, social class, territory, ideology, globalisation and IT (cyber crimes)
  • Problems with terrorists, ISIS, kidnappings and high sea piracy that threaten national security
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5
Q

How to achieve total defence?

What is the two pronged approach

A
  1. External diplomacy
  2. ## Internal deterrent
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6
Q

How to achieve total defence through external diplomacy?

A
  • Make more friends through diplomacy and foreign relations
  • MFA,MINDEF, MHA, MTI
  • PM, ESM, DPMs and ministers regularly make overseas trips, half of the cabinet away most of the time!
  • there is no permanent enemy, only permanent interest
  • No man is an island, no country can exist in isolation, the countries isolated right now i.e. Cuba, North Korea are all in high poverty
  • Be active in multi-lateral agencies (UN, APEC, ASEAN, ASEM, WTO, etc)
  • Joint security forum (ASEAN regional forum/ ARF)
  • Joint military exercise (FPDA, bilateral military exercises)
  • Military arrangements - US air force using Paya Lebar Air Base for refuelling and maintenance, US Navy using Changi Naval Base for warship stopover
  • Have more foreign investment, strengthen mutual interest and increase mutual dependency, case of Japanese economic dominance in ASEAN, free trade and globalisation help to facilitate FDI
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7
Q

What are the six components of total defence?

A
  1. Military
  2. Economic
  3. Civil
  4. Social
  5. Psychological
  6. Digital
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8
Q

Rank the 6 components of internal total defence from tangible to most intangible

A
  1. Military (Most tangible - hardware)
  2. Economic (Tangible - hardware)
  3. Civil (Tangible - hardware)
  4. Social (Most intangible - software)
  5. Psychological (Most intangible - hardware)
  6. Digital (Most intangible - hardware)
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9
Q

What is the role of military defence?

A
  • To serve as a strong deterrent against potential aggressor/ predator
  • To achieve military superiority on first strike, avoiding protracted engagements
  • SAF Swiss/ Swedish model for TD (introduced in 1984), high state of operational readiness 24/7
  • NSmen as backbone of SAF, accounting for 80% of Singapore military forces
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10
Q

What are the divisions in the military?

A
  1. Army (3-G, 6 divisions, combined arms and mechanised/armoured) capable of rapid deployment & territorial defence (2nd PDF)
  2. Navy (Best equipped in the region) to ensure sea lane open (refurbished submarines bought from Sweden and new submarines from Germany), conduct search and rescue (SilkAir and AirAsia crash, Tsunami, etc) and peacekeeping missions (East Timor, Iraq, etc) and against piracy (Gulf of Aden)
  3. Airforce (Strongest in the region) to maintain air superiority, F-35B, F-16D, F-15SG, F5Es, E2C, Super Pumas and Apaches, C130 & KC130 with midair refuelling capability, involved in emergency airlift operations and peacekeeping missions as well as civilian evacuations (Cambodia), Search and rescue missions (Indonesia tsunami and aircraft crashes) .
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11
Q

Explain the F-16 Fighting Falcon

A

F-16C and F15SG fighter aircraft from the RSAF performed during an aerial display at Singapore Airshow in Singapore

Dimensions:
Length: 15.06m
Wing span: 10.01m
Height: 4.88m

Performance:
Max level speed: 30,000 ft above mach 2
Sea level: 800 kts
Radar: APG-68

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12
Q

What are some stats of Singapore’s military defence

A
  • Modern, well equipped and coordinated Army, Navy and airforce
  • Strong R&D capabilities
  • Enhanced urban fighting capabilities (DSTA and DSO)
  • Biological defence capabilities
  • Defence spending at 25% of national budget
  • World’s 10th largest importer of arms
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13
Q

What role does DSTA play in military defence?

A

Big employer, 5000 engineers and scientists, develop homegrown technologies for military and commercial applications, collaborations with NTU/NUS, spur technopreneurship in Singapore

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14
Q

What role does the defence industry play in Singapore?

A
  • Defence and related industries generate 10% of GDP
  • Exporter of small fire arms and ammunitions (sensitive, no publicity)
  • Upgrading of army, navy and air force weapon/equipment capabilities
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15
Q

What is the Bionix II infantry fighting vehicle

A
  • Jointly developed by the Singapore armed forces, the defence science and technology agency, and the Singapore Technologies Engineering
  • Bionix II is purpose-built as a network capable platform to enable it to operate effectively as part of the 3rd generation army.
  • The new platform is also able to deliver more accurate and lethal firepower while providing enhanced crew protection
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16
Q

What does economic defence consist of? How to have economic defence?

A
  • Life and economy must go one during hostility
  • Sea and air routes protected
  • Major installations/facilities e.g. port, airport must remain operational
  • foreign reserve sufficient for 1 year of import to support livelihood of nation during crisis
  • Strategic good and oil reserve sufficient up to first 6 months
  • Civilian resources mobilisable at short notices
  • Water sufficiency - harness surface run-off, alternative sources: NEWater, desalination through distillation or reverse osmosis
17
Q

How much does the Singapore government invest in economic defence?

A
  • 3.6% of GDP (over the last three years) on defence expenditure, it is the highest budget expenditure (3% on education), even during 1997 and 2008 economic crisis
  • Defence is an investment, not an expense item
18
Q

What is done in Civil defence?

A
  1. Medical relief and blood donation
  2. CD drills on safety and evacuation
  3. Emergency rescue and recovery for major civil disasters
  4. Overseas mission for disaster relief operations to build friendship and sharpen skills and experience
19
Q

What are the 3 main components for civil defence?

A
  1. Protection of major installations (utilities, hospitals) by SAF, SCDF and Police Force
  2. Air raid or CD shelters in housing estates, MRT stations, schools
  3. Emergency water and food rationing
20
Q

What is the role of social defence?

A
  1. The glue that binds people together
  2. National cohesion is foundation for multi-racial, multi-religious society like Singapore
  3. Racial and religious fault-lines
21
Q

What is the tripartite cooperation (social defence)

A

Public sector, Private sector, People sector for social cohesion and harmony

22
Q

Social defence is about knowing what and why you are fighting for, what is it we are fighting for?

A

Not about pragmatism, but altruism, idealism and patriotism

23
Q

What is psychological defence about in total defence?

A
  • About building self confidence (Mount Everest quest and Antartica 2000)
  • About risking life to protect integrity and sovereignty of Singapore
24
Q

What mindset does Psychological defence try to promote?

A
  • Steadfast in National belonging
  • Patriotism/nationalism
  • A sense of destiny on nationhood, not intimidated by adversity and threat from external sources
  • Get rid of Kiasu and Kiasi syndrome
  • believe that we can overcome all odds and prevail eventually
  • Facing adversity and challenge positively and courageously
25
Q

What are the impacts of cyber attacks on Singapore’s National Security?

A
  • SG is less prepared against threats from digital domain
  • Cyber threats can be as devastating as physical threats
  • Everyone is vulnerable to internet scams and security b
    reache
26
Q

What can cyber threat affect?

A

The five pillars of total defence

27
Q

How should SG deal with cyber threats?

A

1) Incorporate digital defence as the sixth pillar of total defence framework
2) Set up National Cyber Security Agency
3) Mindef works with other ministries on the details
4) Recruit more than 300 cybersecurity experts and opening cyber training school
5) All stakeholders: citizens, businesses and organisations are to work with the government to strengthen the cyber defence of SG

28
Q

What are the four inter-related threats in Singapore? (Threat by ISIS)

A

1) threat of terrorist attack - not “if” but “when”
2) Threat of radicalisation of a part of Muslim population
3) Muslim population growing distant from rest of society
4) Islamophobia among non-Muslim community

29
Q

What are the sources of terror threats to Singapore?

A
  • ISIS linked plots against Singapore
  • Threat from home-grown, self radicalised lone actors
  • Threat from radicalised foreigners resident in Singapore
30
Q

How does SG deal with terror threats?

Comprehensive response against terror threat: SGSecure

A
  • SGSecure is a strong community response to terror threat
  • Launched in Sep 2016 to sensitise, train and mobilise community to fight terror threat
  • Everyone must do their part by staying alert, united and strong before and during crisis to be resilient
  • Adopting “Run, hide and tell” strategy in the event of attack
  • Detecting and reporting radicalised individuals
  • Helping to counsel possible radicalised individuals
  • Working with the security authorities to rehabilitate radicalised individuals
31
Q

How are the 6 components chained to strengthen total defence?

A

The software (social defence) is founded on the heartware (psychological defence) which in turn drives the hardware (military, economic, civil and digital defence)

The 6 components form the chain to strengthen total defence, but
“a chain is only as strong as it’s weakest link!”

EG0001 (12 decks)

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