National 5 Biology: KA1: Cell Structure Flashcards
2019-2020
Why do we stain cells?
To make cell structures more clearly visible.
Why is it called a light microscope?
Because it uses a light source to see the cell’s structure.
Why is it called a compound microscope?
Because it uses two lenses to view cells.
What is the calculation to figure out a cell’s size?
number of cells
Function of nucleus: ?
- contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell.
What is the genetic material in the nucleus?
DNA
Where is DNA present?
on chromosomes
What is mitochondria known as?
‘Powerhouse of the cell’
Function of mitochondria: ?
controls aerobic respiration
How does mitochondria controlling aerobic respiration help the cell?
It releases energy in both animal and plant cells.
Why are lots of mitochondria found in cells?
they need a lot of energy
Function of cell membrane: ?
Controls what can enter and exit the cell.
What is a cell membrane known as?
“selectively-permeable”
What is a cell membrane made up of? [2]
- Phospholipids
- Protein Molecules
Function of ribosomes: ?
This makes proteins (protein synthesis)
Where are ribosomes found? [2]
- in the cytoplasm
- attached to rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
Function of chloroplasts: ?
site of photosynthesis
What do chloroplasts contain? What do they do?
chlorophyll - absorbs light energy
Function of cell wall: ?
Supports the structure of the cell and its tissue.
What is the cell wall made of?
cellulose (a carbohydrate)
What happens inside the cytoplasm?
Place where chemical reactions occur.
Function of vacuole: ?
Helps to keep the cell’s structure
What does the vacuole contain?
Cell sap (a solution of salt and sugars).
What are the three parts that animal and plant cells have in common?
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
What are the two parts that plant cells have which are NOT found in animal cells?
- cell wall
- permanent vacuole
What is the other cell part which is only found in green cells?
chloroplasts.
Why are chloroplasts not found in the roots of plants?
There is no need to photosynthesise as they don’t have access to sunlight - there is no point in wasting energy to make unnecessary chloroplasts.
If we want to magnify cells more than a light microscope, what do we use?
electron microscope
Why would we use an electron microscope over a light microscope?
We can see more detail using an electron microscope.
Define:
Organelle
Small, sub-cellular structures with a specialist function.
What is the only difference, structurally, between an animal and fungal cell?
The presence of a cell wall.
Fungal cells’ cell walls are NOT made out of what?
cellulose
What is the difference, structurally, between animal and bacterial cells?
the absence of a nucleus
List the organelles present in an animal cell: ? [5]
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
List the organelles present in a plant cell: ? [8]
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- cell wall
- sap vacuole
- chloroplast
- mitochondria
- ribosome
List the organelle in fungal cells: ? [6]
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- cell wall
- mitochondria
- ribosome
List the organelle in bacterial cells: ? [5]
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- cell wall
- ribosome
- plasmid
What is produced by ribosomes?
protein
What are plasmids made of?
DNA
What surrounds and supports bacterial cells?
Cell wall
State two properties of simple sugar molecules which allow them to be absorbed from the digestive system into the blood: ?
- small
- soluble
