National 5 Biology: KA1: Cell Structure

Question 1

Why do we stain cells?

Answer 1

To make cell structures more clearly visible.

Question 2

Why is it called a light microscope?

Answer 2

Because it uses a light source to see the cell’s structure.

Question 3

Why is it called a compound microscope?

Answer 3

Because it uses two lenses to view cells.

Question 4

What is the calculation to figure out a cell’s size?

Answer 4

number of cells

Question 5

Function of nucleus: ?

Answer 5

• contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell.

Question 6

What is the genetic material in the nucleus?

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

Where is DNA present?

Answer 7

on chromosomes

Question 8

What is mitochondria known as?

Answer 8

‘Powerhouse of the cell’

Question 9

Function of mitochondria: ?

Answer 9

controls aerobic respiration

Question 10

How does mitochondria controlling aerobic respiration help the cell?

Answer 10

It releases energy in both animal and plant cells.

Question 11

Why are lots of mitochondria found in cells?

Answer 11

they need a lot of energy

Question 12

Function of cell membrane: ?

Answer 12

Controls what can enter and exit the cell.

Question 13

What is a cell membrane known as?

Answer 13

“selectively-permeable”

Question 14

What is a cell membrane made up of? [2]

Answer 14

• Phospholipids

- Protein Molecules

Question 15

Function of ribosomes: ?

Answer 15

This makes proteins (protein synthesis)

Question 16

Where are ribosomes found? [2]

Answer 16

• in the cytoplasm

- attached to rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Question 17

Function of chloroplasts: ?

Answer 17

site of photosynthesis

Question 18

What do chloroplasts contain? What do they do?

Answer 18

chlorophyll - absorbs light energy

Question 19

Function of cell wall: ?

Answer 19

Supports the structure of the cell and its tissue.

Question 20

What is the cell wall made of?

Answer 20

cellulose (a carbohydrate)

Question 21

What happens inside the cytoplasm?

Answer 21

Place where chemical reactions occur.

Question 22

Function of vacuole: ?

Answer 22

Helps to keep the cell’s structure

Question 23

What does the vacuole contain?

Answer 23

Cell sap (a solution of salt and sugars).

Question 24

What are the three parts that animal and plant cells have in common?

Answer 24

• nucleus
• cytoplasm
• cell membrane

Question 25

What are the two parts that plant cells have which are NOT found in animal cells?

Answer 25

• cell wall

- permanent vacuole

Question 26

What is the other cell part which is only found in green cells?

Answer 26

chloroplasts.

Question 27

Why are chloroplasts not found in the roots of plants?

Answer 27

There is no need to photosynthesise as they don’t have access to sunlight - there is no point in wasting energy to make unnecessary chloroplasts.

Question 28

If we want to magnify cells more than a light microscope, what do we use?

Answer 28

electron microscope

Question 29

Why would we use an electron microscope over a light microscope?

Answer 29

We can see more detail using an electron microscope.

Question 30

Define:

Organelle

Answer 30

Small, sub-cellular structures with a specialist function.

Question 31

What is the only difference, structurally, between an animal and fungal cell?

Answer 31

The presence of a cell wall.

Question 32

Fungal cells’ cell walls are NOT made out of what?

Answer 32

cellulose

Question 33

What is the difference, structurally, between animal and bacterial cells?

Answer 33

the absence of a nucleus

Question 34

List the organelles present in an animal cell: ? [5]

Answer 34

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus
• mitochondria
• ribosomes

Question 35

List the organelles present in a plant cell: ? [8]

Answer 35

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus
• cell wall
• sap vacuole
• chloroplast
• mitochondria
• ribosome

Question 36

List the organelle in fungal cells: ? [6]

Answer 36

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus
• cell wall
• mitochondria
• ribosome

Question 37

List the organelle in bacterial cells: ? [5]

Answer 37

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• cell wall
• ribosome
• plasmid

Question 38

What is produced by ribosomes?

Answer 38

protein

Question 39

What are plasmids made of?

Answer 39

DNA

Question 40

What surrounds and supports bacterial cells?

Answer 40

Cell wall

Question 41

State two properties of simple sugar molecules which allow them to be absorbed from the digestive system into the blood: ?

Answer 41

• small

- soluble