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Science > National 5 Biology > Flashcards

National 5 Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name of the structures found in a cell nucleus that carry genes.

A

Chromosomes.

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2
Q

Name given to the process of cell division.

A

Mitosis.

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3
Q

Term used to describe the number of chromosomes present in a cell.

A

Chromosome Complement.

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4
Q

Name of the identical copies of a chromosome produced by replication that are held together.

A

Chromatids.

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5
Q

Name of the central part of the cell where the chromosome line up.

A

The Equator.

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6
Q

Name of the fibres that pull chromatids to opposite poles of a cell.

A

Spindle Fibres.

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7
Q

Term used to describe a cell with two sets of chromosomes.

A

Diploid.

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8
Q

Two processes that mitosis provides new cells for.

A

Growth and Repair.

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9
Q

Name of the basic unit that all living things are made from.

A

A cell.

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10
Q

Word used to describe an organism composed of many cells.

A

Multicellular.

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11
Q

Name of the cells in animals that are unspecialised.

A

Stem cell.

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12
Q

The role of stem cells.

A

Growth and repair.

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13
Q

Name given to group of similar cells that carry out a specific function.

A

A tissue.

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14
Q

Name given to a structure made up of several tissues to carry out a function.

A

An organ.

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15
Q

The two types of stem cell.

A

Embryonic and tissue.

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16
Q

Two properties of tissue stem cells.

A

Found from childhood onwards. Can only specialise into specific types of cells.

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17
Q

Two properties of embryonic stem cells.

A

Found in embryos. Can differentiate into any cell.

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18
Q

Name used to describe a structure made up of several organs working together.

A

A body system.

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19
Q

Type of signal carried by neurons.

A

Electrical impulses.

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20
Q

Role of a sensory neuron.

A

Carry signal to CNS.

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21
Q

Role of a interneuron.

A

Accept message from sensory neuron and send it out to the CNS.

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22
Q

Two examples of an effector.

A

Muscle and Gland.

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23
Q

Role of a motor neuron.

A

Carry message to an effector.

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24
Q

Name of the small gap between two neurons.

A

Synapse.

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25
Q

Chemical that carries a message across synapse.

A

Neurotransmitter.

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26
Q

Name given to chemical messengers in the body.

A

Hormone.

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27
Q

How do hormones travel around the body.

A

Through the bloodstream.

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28
Q

The term used to describe a very fast response that prevents harm to the body.

A

Reflex action.

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29
Q

Name given to glands that make and release hormones.

A

endocrine.

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30
Q

Name of organ that detects changes in blood glucose levels.

A

Pancreas.

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31
Q

Name of the hormone released when blood glucose levels increase.

A

Insulin.

32
Q

Name given to the storage molecule for glucose.

A

Glycogen.

33
Q

Name of the hormone released when blood glucose levels decrease.

A

Glucagon.

34
Q

Name of the organ that stores excess glucose.

A

Liver.

35
Q

Names of the two parts of the CNS.

A

Spinal cord and Brain.

36
Q

Names of the parts of the brain.

A

The Cerebrum, The Cerebellum and The Medulla.

37
Q

Function of The Cerebrum.

A

Conscious Thought and Memory.

38
Q

Function of The Cerebellum.

A

To maintain Balance.

39
Q

Function of The Medulla.

A

Controls Breathing and Heart rate.

40
Q

Names of the three types of neurons.

A

Inter, Sensory and Motor.

41
Q

Term used to describe a cell that has one set of chromosomes.

A

Haploid.

42
Q

A term used as an alternative to sex cells.

A

Gametes.

43
Q

Name of the male Gamete in animals.

A

Sperm.

44
Q

Name of the female Gamete in animals.

A

Egg.

45
Q

Name of the organs where eggs are produced.

A

Ovary.

46
Q

Name of the organs where sperm are produced.

A

Testes.

47
Q

This gamete has a tail allowing it to swim.

A

Sperm.

48
Q

This gamete is larger and has a food store.

A

Egg.

49
Q

Definition of fertilisation.

A

The nucleus of the male gamete fuses with the nucleus of the female gamete forming a zygote.

50
Q

Name of the first cell produced as a result of fertilisation.

A

Zygote.

51
Q

Definition of biotic factors

A

Living organisms in an ecosystem

52
Q

Definition of abiotic factors

A

Non-living elements of an ecosystem

53
Q

Three examples of biotic factors

A

Competition for resources, Predation and Disease

54
Q

Three examples of abiotic factors

A

Moisture, Light and pH

55
Q

Equipment used to measure soil moisture

A

Moisture meter

56
Q

Equipment used to measure light intensity

A

Light meter

57
Q

Sampling technique used for plants

A

Quadrat

58
Q

Sampling technique used for ground dwelling insects

A

Pitfall trap

59
Q

Way to minimise error when using a moisture meter

A

Wipe probe before and after use to remove moisture before sampling

60
Q

Way to minimise error when using a light meter

A

Avoid shading the meter with your body / objects

61
Q

Way to minimise error when using a quadrat

A

Make sure to take several samples that are random

62
Q

Aay to minimise error when using a pit fall trap

A

Cover trap to prevent birds eating insects and dont leave it for too long

63
Q

How do you increase the reliability of a sample / experiment?

A

Repeat the experiment several times / have a large sample number

64
Q

Definition of the indicator species

A

A species thats presence or absence indicates the level of pollution

65
Q

What is the process of Respiration.

A

The chemical energy stored in glucose must be released by all cells through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions.

66
Q

The energy released from the breakdown of glucose is use to generate what molecule.

A

ATP

67
Q

Aerobic Respiration word equation.

A

Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.

68
Q

Fermentation in Animal Cells.

A

Glucose —> Lactate + Energy.

69
Q

Fermentation in Plant/Yeast Cells.

A

Glucose —> Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + Energy.

70
Q

The process of Fermentation only takes place if what chemical is absent.

A

Oxygen.

71
Q

What cellular activities could ATP be used for.

A

Cell Division, Muscle Cell Contraction, Protein Synthesis and Transmission of Nerve Impulses.

72
Q

Glucose is broken down into what.

A

Two Molecules of Pyruvate.

73
Q

if Oxygen is present, what process takes place.

A

Aerobic Respiration.

74
Q

If Oxygen is absent in an Animal cell, the Pyruvate Molecules are converted to what.

A

Lactate.

75
Q

If Oxygen is absent in Plant/Yeast cells, the Pyruvate Molecules are converted to what.

A

Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol.

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