nat 5 bio Flashcards
what are the 5 structures in an animal cell??
nucleus,cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes
where do chemical reactions take place??
the cytoplasm
function of the cell membrane??
allows certain molecules to pass in and out of the cell through a selectively permeable membrane
function of the nucleus??
controls cell activity
where does aerobic respiration take place?
the mitochondria
the function of the ribosome??
the site of protein synthesis
what cells have a cell wall
all but animal (plant,bacterial,fungal)
function of the cytoplasm
the site of chemical reactions
function of the chloroplasts
traps light energy to perform photosynthesis
sap vacuole function??
to store sap and support the cell
cell wall function??
to support the cell and hold the cells shape
what is the structural carbohydrate in the plant cell wall??
celleous
why do cells have different structures
because their cell walls are made from different substances
what does a bacterial cell contain as it doesn’t have a nucleus
a chromosome
name the 8 structures in a plant cell
a sap vacuole,mitochondria, ribosome, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplasts
name the 7 structures in a fungal cell??
cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm
name the 6 structures in a bacterial cell
cytoplasm, plasmid, cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, DNA
what is euglena
a single celled organism
why do molecules need to pass into cells
because certain cells need certain nutrients from some molecules to properly perform their functions
name the structure that identifies euglena
chloroplasts
how can you tell a root cell from a leaf cell
a leave cell will contain more chloroplast
what substance does osmosis apply to
water
name structural features of a turgid cell
swollen, the cell wall will be stretched
name some features of a plasmalised cell
shrivelled, shrunken sap vacuole
name the process in which water molecules move across membranes
osmosis
what are proteins made up of
amino acids
what is a degradation reaction
when a large substrate is broken down into several smaller products
give an example of a degradation reaction
starch. amylase maltose
➡️➡️➡️➡️
what does the chain of bases in DNA do
it codes for amino acids in proteins
what is mRNA
a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein
what is the function of mRNA
it determines the order of amino acids making up the protein
where is mRNA synthesised
Nucleus
what is a gene
a gene is a section of DNA which codes for a protein
what are the base sequences
Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine
what is the structure of DNA
it’s a double stranded helix held together by the complimentary base pairs
describe how the sequence of amino acids is a protein coded for by DNA
mRNA carriers a copy of the code from the DNA where the protein is assembled from amino acids
DNA determines the structure and function of what molecules
proteins
what is osmosis
it is the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane down the concentration gradient
what is active transport
the movement of molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration against the concentration gradient due to this it requires energy
what is diffusion
the movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration down the concentration gradient
what is a cell membrane made up of
proteins and phospholipids
what is a semi permeable membrane
a membrane that allows small molecules such as water and amino acids to pass in and out of the cell but doesn’t allows larger molecules such as starch to pass in and out
what types of molecules can be pumped during active transport
sodium, potassium, iodine
why types of molecules move during defusion
oxygen, carbon dioxide
how does a cell become plasmalised
when a plant cell is placed in a high salt water concentration it loses a lot of water due to osmosis the water molecules move to the lower water concentration causing the vacuole to become shrivelled
how does a cell become turgid
when a plant cell is placed in a high water concentration it gains a lot of water due to osmosis the water molecules move to the lower water concentration causing the vacuole to become full and swollen
what does active transport require to take place
a protein pump
name the 4 organelle structures
mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuole, nucleus
