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NASWACA Unit Six Test > NASWACA Landforms And Terms > Flashcards

NASWACA Landforms And Terms Flashcards

1
Q

The Straight of Gibraltar

A

The body of water where Africa and Europe are separated and the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean

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2
Q

The Dardanelles Straight, Sea of Marmara, and Bosporus Straight

A

Together they link the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea and separate Europe from Asia

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3
Q

The Suez Canal

A

A man made waterway that lets ships pass from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea

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4
Q

The Straight of Hormuz

A

A waterway north of the Arabian Peninsula that allows oil tankers to enter and leave the Persian Gulf and tankers have to go through this narrow waterway to pass from the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea and Oman is in a strategic place because it is next to this waterway

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5
Q

Khyber Pass

A

A narrow gap between mountains in the Hindu Kush that is a trade route that links Southwest Asia to other parts of Asia and has been a major trade route through the mountains for centuries and Afghanistan’s capital, Kabul, is covered by the Hindu Kush range and is in a valley

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6
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers left an alluvial plain, which is an area of fertile soil left by floods, where the Mesopotamian civilization was based on farming, the place where it started was called the Fertile Crescent curving from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf and it began around 4000 b.c.e.

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7
Q

The Persian Gulf

A

Land made of sedimentary rock, which is created when layers of material are are hardened by the intense weight of materials piled on top of it, and this land is full of oil because over millions of years, heat and pressure turned the remains of sea animals and plants into oil

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8
Q

Phosphates

A

Mineral used to make fertilizer

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9
Q

Poaching

A

Illegal fishing or hunting of animals, in this region the main animals being killed are sturgeons, whose eggs make caviar

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10
Q

Sedimentary rock

A

This is created when layers of material are hardened because of the intense weight of materials piled on top of them and the land in the Persian Gulf land is made of this

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11
Q

Air pollution

A

A growing problem in the region because a large number of cars in the region are older so they release more pollutants and chemicals are released by refineries, which turn petroleum into gas and are bad for the environment

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12
Q

Refineries

A

There are many of these in the region and they turn petroleum into gas, which is bad for the environment

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13
Q

Alluvial plain

A

An area of fertile soil left by floods, Mesopotamia is on one and it was made by the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

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14
Q

Sumer

A

A region in Mesopotamia where many cities developed around 3000 b.c.e., the people who lived there were called Sumerians

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15
Q

Irrigation

A

Walls, waterways, and ditches carrying water to crops

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16
Q

Polytheism

A

The belief and worship of many gods and goddesses

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17
Q

Theocracy

A

A government controlled by religious leaders

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18
Q

Cuneiform

A

An early form of writing developed by Sumerians which was made up of wedge shaped markings made with sharp reeds on clay tablets

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19
Q

King Hammurabi

A

A king who invaded Mesopotamia around 1790 b.c.e. and created the code of Hammurabi, which was one of the first written legal codes

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20
Q

Code of Hammurabi

A

One of the first written legal codes created by King Hammurabi

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21
Q

Pharaohs

A

Rulers in Ancient Egypt who were believed to be both rulers as well as gods

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22
Q

Pyramid

A

A type of tomb that pharaohs in Ancient Egypt ordered thousands of people to build for them

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23
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

A system of writing that Ancient Egyptians developed which used pictures for words or sounds and carved them on the walls of stone temples that they built to honor their gods

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24
Q

Phoenicia

A

The place where one of the greatest trading empires of the ancient world that stretches from the Mediterranean Sea to Spain was developed around 1000 b.c.e.

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25
Q

Koran

A

The Islamic holy book written in Arabic that offers spiritual guidance for Muslims and it doesn’t have a description of god in it

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26
Q

Mecca

A

Holy Islamic city where Muhammad lived and once, Muhammad went to a cave above it and saw an angel who told him to recite in the name of god

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27
Q

Medina

A

An Islamic holy city which was called the city of the prophet

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28
Q

Dome of the Rock

A

A very important Islamic holy building in the middle of a city with many Christians in it

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29
Q

Sunni and Shia

A

The two Islamic sects that both follow the Quran and share many beliefs but disagree on how people should be governed and one of the groups is more conservative than the other but most Muslims throughout the world are Sunnis and Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, and parts of Lebanon and Syria, most people are Shia

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30
Q

Hajj

A

A holy journey to Makkah (Mecca) that all Muslims must make at least once in their lifetime

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31
Q

Easter

A

A major Christian holy day, a day set aside to honor saints or Christian holy people

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32
Q

Christian holy day

A

A day set aside to honor saints or Christian holy people

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33
Q

Orthodox Christians

A

Many people in Armenia and Georgia are Orthodox Christians, which is a type of Christianity

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34
Q

Coptic Orthodox Church

A

Egyptian Christians are mostly Coptic Orthodox Church, which is a type of Christianity

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35
Q

Sabbath

A

A traditional Jewish practice that is marked from Friday until sundown on Saturday

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36
Q

Yom Kippur

A

The holiest Jewish day, which is a day of atonement

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37
Q

Epics

A

Tales and poems about heroes and heroines, many of which are written in this region

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38
Q

Mosques

A

Islamic houses of worship that are all throughout the Muslim world

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39
Q

The Persian Gulf coast

A

Saudi Arabia’s oil region

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40
Q

The Saud family

A

The family that established Saudi Arabia as a monarchy that united the nation’s many clans, or groups of families related by blood and marriage and under their rule, Islam has maintained a strong rule in Saudi Arabia

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41
Q

Clans

A

Groups of families related by blood or marriage

42
Q

The Persian Gulf countries

A

Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates make up these countries and have very prosperous economies with money from oil, but each country is also planning for when the oil runs out

43
Q

Aden

A

A major port for ships traveling between the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea and it is south of Sanaa

44
Q

Baghdad

A

The capital and largest city in Iraq, it was the center of the Arab empire from the a.d. 700s to the a.d. 1200s and many advances in art and science were made there and many scholars and philosophers went there because it was the center of education and many problems were solved there and inventions were made

45
Q

Kurds

A

Sunni Muslims who have wanted to form their own country for a long time, they also live in Turkey and Turkey hasn’t allowed them to form their own country, but they have promised to respect the rights of the Kurds and other non-Turkish groups

46
Q

Saddam Hussein

A

A dictator who ruled Iraq from 1979 through 2003

47
Q

The Persian Gulf War

A

A war that was led by the United States and took place in 1951 after Iraq raided Kuwait in

48
Q

Embargo

A

An order that restricts trade with another country, one of these got put on Iraq by the UN that severely damaged the economy

49
Q

Islamic republic

A

A government run by Muslim religious leaders that is based on Islamic teachings, in Iran, religious leaders overthrew the Iranian monarchy and made it an Islamic republic in 1979

50
Q

Islam’s holy day

A

Friday

51
Q

Fellahin

A

Egyptian peasant farmers who only use the simple tools of their ancestors

52
Q

Maghreb

A

A smaller region of North Africa made up of Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco that’s name means “the land farthest west” because they were the western most part of the Arabic speaking Muslim world

53
Q

Aquifers

A

Spots of very pure water found under the land of Libya’s deserts

54
Q

Infrastructure

A

Roads, ports, and water and electric systems

55
Q

Berbers

A

A group of people who settled in North Africa before the Muslims in the 600 a.d.s

56
Q

Muarmmar al-Qaddafi

A

A man who set up a dictatorship in Libya and supported terrorism from the 1970’s to the 1990’s and he tried to get nuclear weapons and the United States and the UN made him change his policy, or plan of action by punishing Libya through trade barriers called trade sanctions

57
Q

Casbahs

A

Older sections with narrow streets and bazaars, the capital of Algeria, Algiers, is a modern, major Mediterranean port known for these

58
Q

Constitutional monarchy

A

When a king or queen is the head of the state and has great influence, but elected officials run the government, Morocco is one of these

59
Q

Secular

A

Non-religious, Turkey is secular

60
Q

Damascus

A

The capital of Syria and one of the oldest cities, it was founded as a trading center 4,000 years ago

61
Q

Regime

A

A very strict government, Syria has one of these

62
Q

Beirut

A

The capital of Lebanon, most Lebanese people live near here and work in banking, insurance, and tourism and it is a major port

63
Q

Hezbollah

A

A Muslim group in Lebanon that had a clash with Israel in 2006

64
Q

Bedouin

A

Tent-dwelling nomads who traditionally raise livestock and live in Jordan

65
Q

Kibbutz

A

An Israeli group of farmers who share all of the work and property

66
Q

Moshav

A

An Israeli group of people where the members share the work, but each person can also own some private property

67
Q

Hamas

A

An Islamic group that won legislative elections in 2006 in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and doesn’t recognize Israel’s right to exist and have called for Israel to be replaced by an Islamic Palestinian state and it continued to support armed attacks on Israeli territory

68
Q

Free market economy

A

Kazakhstan has one of these, where the government run industries have been sold to individual buyers

69
Q

Tashkent

A

Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan and about 2,000 years ago, the oases of Tashkent, Bukhara, and Samarqand were part of the Silk Road, which was a busy trade route that linked China to Europe

70
Q

The Silk Road

A

A busy trade route that linked China to Europe and the oases of Tashkent, Bukhara, and Samarqand were part of it 2,000 years ago

71
Q

Cash crop

A

A farm product grown for sale as an export

72
Q

Kara-Kum

A

A huge desert that most of Turkmenistan is part of

73
Q

Output

A

The amount of something produced

74
Q

Ashkhabad

A

Turkmenistan’s capital and major city where the powerful president runs the country from and keeps strict control over education, religion, and printed materials

75
Q

Dushanbe

A

Tajikistan’s capital and the largest city and industrial center

76
Q

Caucasus Republics

A

An area containing Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan

77
Q

Caucasus Mountains

A

The mountains that stretch along Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan that gave them the name Caucasus Republics

78
Q

Tbilisi

A

The capital of Georgia, it lies near the Caucasus Mountains and it is in an area where tectonic plates collide witch makes warm mineral springs heated by high temperatures from the earth, which are believed to be good for your health after being in them for a long time

79
Q

Faults

A

Cracks in the earth caused by colliding tectonic plates, Armenia sits on many of these and and as a result, it experiences frequent, serious earthquakes

80
Q

Yerevan

A

The capital of Armenia and one of the world’s oldest cities

81
Q

Ottoman Turks

A

The group of people who killed hundreds of thousands of Armenians in a genocide, or a deliberate killing of an ethnic group

82
Q

Genocide

A

The deliberate killing of an ethnic group

83
Q

Enclave

A

A small territory surrounded by a larger territory

84
Q

Baku

A

The capital and largest city in Azerbaijan, it is a port on the Caspian Sea

85
Q

Judaism

A

The oldest of the three world religions

86
Q

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

A

The three world religions

87
Q

King David

A

A leader who the Israelites created a kingdom under in present day Israel in 1,000 b.c.e.

88
Q

Diaspora

A

When Jews were conquered and many were forced to leave and went to other parts of the world

89
Q

The Ten Commandments

A

God’s laws that Moses received on their way from Egypt

90
Q

Abraham

A

The man who Jews believe they are descended from and he was a herder in Mesopotamia in about 1800 b.c.e. and he made an agreement with God that if he moved to Canaan then he and his descendants would be blessed

91
Q

Monotheism

A

The belief in only one god

92
Q

Covenant

A

An agreement

93
Q

Prophet

A

A messenger of God

94
Q

Jesus

A

He was a Jewish teacher in about 30 a.d. who preached in present day Israel and the West Bank and he taught that God loved all people, even those who sinned because sins would be forgiven by god and some Jews thought that Jesus was sent by God to help them, but others, such as the romans, were worried and he was convicted under roman law for treason and was executed on a cross and after this, his followers said that he was risen from the dead and was the son of God

95
Q

Christians

A

Jesus’s followers spread his message through the Mediterranean and the people who accepted this were called Christians

96
Q

Muhammad

A

A merchant who was born in about 570 a.d. and according to Islamic teaching, an angel told him to preach about god and he told people that there was only one god, who was named Allah and Muslims believe he was the last and greatest prophet and he followed Abraham, Moses, and Jesus

97
Q

Allah

A

Islam’s god

98
Q

Caliphs

A

After Muhammad died in 632 a.d., these leaders ruled Muslims and Arab Muslim armies conquered lands and made an empire under their rule

99
Q

Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus

A

They were centers of government and learning because they were on important trade routes

100
Q

Christianity

A

The dominant religion, and around the world it is the largest religion and it has about 2.1 billion followers

NASWACA Unit Six Test (2 decks)

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