NASM CPT4 Chapter 7 brainscape Flashcards
Flexibility
The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allow the full range of motion of a joint.
Dynamic Range of Motion
The combination of flexibility and the nervous system’s ability to control this range efficiently.
Neuromuscular efficiency
The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically and control the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.
Extensibility
The capability to be elongated or stretched.
Dynamic Functional Flexibility
Multiplanar soft tissue extensibility with optimal neuromuscular efficiency throughout the full range of motion.
Muscle Imbalance
Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint.
Relative Flexibility
The tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns.
Altered Reciprocal Inhibition
The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist.
Synergistic Dominance
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover.
Arthrokinematics
The motions of the joints in the body.
Arthrokinematic Dysfunction
Altered forces at the joint that result in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint.
Muscle Spindles
Major sensory organ of the muscle that are composed of microscopic fibers that lie parallel to the muscle fiber.
They sense lengthening and contract muscle in response.
Golgit Tendon Organs
Located within the musculotendinous junction and are sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension.
They relax the muscle in response.
Autogenic Inhibition
The process when the neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.
Pattern Overload
Consistently repeating the same pattern of motion, which may place abnormal stresses on the body.
Davis’ Law
Soft tissue models along the lines of stress.
Three phases of flexibility training
Corrective, active and functional
Flexibility Continuum
The systematic progression of flexibility training.
Corrective Flexibility
This flexibility training is used to improve muscle imbalances and altered joint motion. Includes self-myofascicle release and static stretching. Uses autogenic inhibition principles. Stabilization Phase 1 of the OPT model.
Active Flexibility
Flexibility training designed to improve extensibility of soft tissue and increase neuromuscular efficiency using reciprocal inhibiton. Appropriate at the Strength level (Phase 2,3,4) of OPT model.
Functional Flexibility
Flexibility and movement without compensations. Appropriate for Power level phase 5 of OPT model.
Static Stretching
The process of passively taking a muscle to the point of tension and holding the stretch for a minimum of 30 seconds.
Examples of static stretches
Gastonemius stretch, standing psoas stretch, kneeling hip flexor stretch, standing adductor stretch, latissimus dorsi ball stretch, static pectoral ball stretch, upper tapezius/scalene stretch.
Examples of active stretches
Active supine biceps femoris, active kneeling quadriceps, active standing adductor, active pectoral wall
