NASM CPT - Chapter 1 Flashcards
What does the term evidence-based practice refer to?
The conscientious use of current research in making decisions about client care.
Optimum Performance Training (OPT) Model
(1) Stabilization Endurance (2) Strength Endurance (3) Muscular Development (4) Maximal Strength (5) Power
Socioeconomic Status
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, & occupation.
Morbidity
The state of having a disease.
Mortality
A state or a risk of death or dying.
Homeostasis
The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.
(WHO) World Health Organization
Functions as the international public health agency of the United Nations & is focused on the development & promotion of international public health & well-being efforts.
Homeostasis
The human body continually strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium in relation to the surrounding environment and the regular tasks it is required to perform.
Spectrum of Health
Death, Severe sickness, mild sickness, unrecognized sickness, freedom from sickness, better health, + positive health
Health
A dynamic phenomenon. Transition is often gradual, and where one state ends and another begins is a matter of judgment.
Types of disease
Chronic + Noncommunicable (not contagious), disease & acute disease
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)
Known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behaviors factors. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks + stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease + asthma + disease.
What is the leading cause of death?
Coronary artery disease
Mortality
A state or risk of death or dying
Morbidity
A state of having disease
Homeostasis
The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium
Disease
Any abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a part of the body
Risk Factor
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
What is the annual healthcare cost?
$3 trillion & growing
What is the nation’s healthcare expenditure when treating individuals with chronic + mental health conditions?
90%
Cholesterol
A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.
Metric Formula
BMI=Weight (kg) / [height (m)] exp 2
Imperial formula
BMI= 703 X Weight (lb) / [height (in.)] exp 2
BMI Classification
Increased disease risk + Underweight (<18.5); Low disease risk + Healthy Weight (18.5 - 24.9); Increased disease risk + Overweight (25 - 29.9); High disease risk + Obese (30 - 34.9); Very high disease risk + Obesity II (35-39.9); Extremely high + Obesity III (> or equal to 40).
BMI
Practical measurement of body fat composition when examining people on an individual basis. (Example, Elite athletes can be mistakenly classified as obese by BMI alone, even though they have very little body fat). Utilize BMI for overweight + obesity levels, but not confusing muscle weight.
Heart Disease
Strokes, Heart Attacks, Heart failure, heart valve problems, & arrhythmias. Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of these conditions - narrowing of coronary arteries.
Atherosclerosis
A process by which plaque is formed in the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart + brain.
Heart failure
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
Heart valve problem
A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath + reduced oxygen supply to the body.
Arrhythmia
A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.
Ischemic heart
A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood + oxygen to the heart muscle.
Exercise encourages…
The heart’s arteries dilate more readily, which improves blood flow.
Hypertension
One of the primary risk factors for heart disease + stroke. Hypertension is categorized by a blood pressure greater than 120/80 (systolic/diastolic) millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
The pressure in arteries + other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
The pressure in arteries + other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number is recorded.
Blood pressure
Normal (healthy): Less than 120/80 mm Hg; Elevated: Systolic between 120 + 129 + diastolic less than 80 mm Hg; Stage 1 hypertension: Systolic between 130 + 139 or diastolic between 80 + 89 mm Hg; Stage 2 hypertension: Systolic 140 or higher or diastolic 90 mm Hg or higher; Hypertensive crisis: Systolic greater than 180 and/or diastolic greater than 120 mm Hg
Cholesterol
Waxy substance found in blood that is made up of a combination of protein + fatty acids, known as a lipoprotein.
LDL Cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein)
Bad - increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Makes up the plaque that clogs arteries. Needs to be less than 100 milligrams per deciliter.
HDL Cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein)
Good - Needs to be kept around 60 mg/dL
Diabetes
A chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage + enhances the usage of fat + protein.
Glucose
The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.
Insulin Resistance
The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes.
Cancer
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic respiratory dysfunctions are characterized by increased breathlessness, airflow limitation, + accelerated decline of lung function.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic respiratory dysfunctions are characterized by increased breathlessness, airflow limitation, + accelerated decline of lung function.
Endorphins
A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain.
What is, perhaps, the most challenging of the public health problems faced today?
Obesity, due to poor diet + physical activity
Skeletal Muscle
Type of muscle tissue that connects to bones + generates the forces that create movement.
Sprain
A stretching or tearing of ligaments.
Plantar fascitis
An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, often results in intense heel pain.
Patellar tendonitis
An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone)
Anterior cruciate - ligament (ACL) tear
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.
Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.
Lumbo Pelvic Hip Complex (LPHC) Dysfunction
Made up of the lumbar spine (low-back area), pelvis, abdomen, + hip musculoskeletal structures + is commonly referred to as “the core.”
Shoulder impingement syndrome
Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder.
Role of a Certified Personal Trainer
To design safe + effective exercise programs to help clients reach health, wellness, + fitness goals.
Professionalism
Treat each colleague and client with the utmost respect and dignity.
Maintain adequate liability insurance
Business Practice
Store & dispose of client records in a secure manner
Confidentiality
Accept complete responsibility for one’s actions
Legal + ethical
Scope of practice
All the things a professional can do within the legal boundaries of their job title.
Obesity
A disease with a preventable cause of death.
