NASM Chapter 4 brainscape Flashcards
Bio-energetics
The study of energy in the human body.
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. The amount of energy, calories, your body burns to maintain itself. It is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used and disposed of by the body.
Exercise Metabolism
The examination of bioenergenics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.
Substrates
The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.
Carbohydrate
Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.
Glucose
A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the bodys main source of fuel.
Glycogen
The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, it is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells.
Fats
One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body.
Helps the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body.
In food, there are two types: saturated and unsaturated.
Triglycerides
The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.
Protein
Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and usually sulfur that have several essential biological compounds.
Gluconeogenesis
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.
Adenosine Tri-phospate (ATP)
Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.
Adenosine Di-phosphate
A high energy compound occuring in all cells from which adenosine tri-phosphate, ATP, is formed.
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)
The state where the body’s metabolism is elevated following exercise.
ATP-PC System
Process of creating a new ATP molecule from a phosphocreatine molecule.
- the simplest and fastest of the energy systems
- occurs without the presence of oxygen (anaerobic).
Provides energy for primarily high-intensity, short-duration bouts of exercise or activity.
Power and strength training, heavy loads with few repetitions, sprinting events. 10-15 seconds
Glycolysis
Anaerobic means of producing ATP by breaking down glucose.
Produces greater amount of energy than the ATP-PC system, but is limited to 30-50 seconds of duration.
Most fitness training is focused on this system because typical repetitions are 8-12.
Oxidative System
AKA oxidative phosphorylation
Most complex of energy systems.
Uses substrates with the aid of oxygen to generate ATP.
Involves oxygen (aerobic) for 1) aerobic glycolysis, 2) Krebs cycle and 3) Electron transport chain (ETC).
B-oxidation
The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.
Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.
Respiratory quotient (RQ)
amount of carbon dioxide expired divided by amount of oxygen consumed
RQ 1 = 100% carbs as fuel
RQ 0.7 = 100% fat as fuel
