NASM Chapter 4 brainscape

Question 1

Bio-energetics

Answer 1

The study of energy in the human body.

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. The amount of energy, calories, your body burns to maintain itself. It is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used and disposed of by the body.

Question 3

Exercise Metabolism

Answer 3

The examination of bioenergenics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

Question 4

Substrates

Answer 4

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Question 5

Carbohydrate

Answer 5

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the bodys main source of fuel.

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, it is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells.

Question 8

Fats

Answer 8

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body.
Helps the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body.
In food, there are two types: saturated and unsaturated.

Question 9

Triglycerides

Answer 9

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.

Question 10

Protein

Answer 10

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and usually sulfur that have several essential biological compounds.

Question 11

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 11

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.

Question 12

Adenosine Tri-phospate (ATP)

Answer 12

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Question 13

Adenosine Di-phosphate

Answer 13

A high energy compound occuring in all cells from which adenosine tri-phosphate, ATP, is formed.

Question 14

Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

Answer 14

The state where the body’s metabolism is elevated following exercise.

Question 15

ATP-PC System

Answer 15

Process of creating a new ATP molecule from a phosphocreatine molecule.
- the simplest and fastest of the energy systems
- occurs without the presence of oxygen (anaerobic).
Provides energy for primarily high-intensity, short-duration bouts of exercise or activity.
Power and strength training, heavy loads with few repetitions, sprinting events. 10-15 seconds

Question 16

Glycolysis

Answer 16

Anaerobic means of producing ATP by breaking down glucose.
Produces greater amount of energy than the ATP-PC system, but is limited to 30-50 seconds of duration.
Most fitness training is focused on this system because typical repetitions are 8-12.

Question 17

Oxidative System

Answer 17

AKA oxidative phosphorylation
Most complex of energy systems.
Uses substrates with the aid of oxygen to generate ATP.
Involves oxygen (aerobic) for 1) aerobic glycolysis, 2) Krebs cycle and 3) Electron transport chain (ETC).

Question 18

B-oxidation

Answer 18

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

Question 19

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 19

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

Question 20

Respiratory quotient (RQ)

Answer 20

amount of carbon dioxide expired divided by amount of oxygen consumed
RQ 1 = 100% carbs as fuel
RQ 0.7 = 100% fat as fuel