Nasal Cavity and Sinuses Flashcards
Why does infection spread in sinusitis?
(1. ) Maxillary sinus has the least efficient drainage as it drains from the top
(2. ) It also drains into the same place as the frontal sinus and so frontal sinus can leak into the maxillary
Why might sinusitis present with tooth pain and cheek pain?
(1. ) Infraorbital nerve (CNV2) supplies mucosa of teeth and gums.
(2. ) The nerve runs along the roof of the maxillary sinus so infection of sinus will impact nerve
Structures that drain into the superior, middle, inferior nasal meatuses.
(1. ) Superior nasal meatus: drains the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses
(2. ) Middle nasal meatus: drains the frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoid sinuses
(3. ) Inferior nasal meatus - drains the nasolacrimal duct
What pain would you get if there was sinusitis of the (1.) frontal sinus and (2.) ethmoid sinus?
(1. ) FS = Forehead pain
(2. ) ES = Pain between eyes
What is Eustachian Tube?
(1. ) This opens into the nasopharynx and connects with resp tract and middle ear
(2. ) ET infections can causes swelling of the mucosa so tube becomes blocked -> diminished hearing
What is cleft palate? Complications?
(1. ) Opening in upper lip and roof of palate
(2. ) Soft palate allows air into ME via ET as well as allowing drainage of secretions from ME.
(3. ) When this process is interrupted, fluid can build up (otitis media) in ME.
(4. ) This leads to temporary hearing loss
(5. ) There is a risk of infection and permanent deafness if left untreated
(4. ) Surgery (grommet) is used to repair it
What are nasal conchae? function?
(1. ) Bones that project from lateral walls and creates 3 main meatus (pathways).
(2. ) These inc SA, humidifies and makes inspired air turbulent
(3. ) Superior, middle, inferior meatuses
what is the functions (4) of the nasal cavity ?
(1. ) Warms + humidifies air
(2. ) Removes + traps pathogens
(3. ) Responsible for the sense of smell
(4. ) Drains paranasal sinuses + lacrimal ducts
Describe the innervations in the nasal cavity
(1. ) Smell = CN1
(2. ) Mucosa and skin of nose = CN5
What makes up the nasal septum?
(1. ) Cartilage
(2. ) Vomer
(3. ) Ethmoid (Perpendicular plate)
What is the function (4) of the paranasal sinus?
(1. ) Lighten head weight
(2. ) Support immune system
(3. ) Humidify air
(4. ) Inc resonance of voice
What drains into the superior, middle, inferior meatuses?
(1. ) Superior
- PES
- sphenoid (via spheno-ethmoidal recess)
(2. ) Middle
- ethmoidal bulla: MES
- hiatus semilunaris: frontal, AES, maxillary
(3. ) Inferior
- nasolacrimal gland
Function of Oral Cavity (3)
Digest, communicate, breathe
Describe 5 structures found in the oral cavity
(1. ) Vestibule = space between lips, cheeks, gum, teeth
(2. ) Hard palate = bone structure (maxillary and palatine)
(3. ) Soft palate = muscular structure, controls the orfice between nasal and oral cavity
(4. ) Uvula = prevent food reflux when swallowing. Allows for production of explosive constants
(5. ) Tonsils = lymphoid tissue that atrophies with age. Sits within the palatopharyngeal + palatoglossal folds.
Parotid gland: innervation? malignancy complications?
(1. ) Innervated by CN9
(2. ) The gland opens above the 2nd molar
(3. ) CN7 branches run through the parotid gland, so malignancies can infiltrate the nerve. This will cause:
- facial paralysis
- cornea abrasion
- leakage at corner of mouth
