nas 2 Flashcards
Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom?
protons
The electrons
determine how the atom will chemically bond
A cation is a
positively charged ion
The type of bond produced when two atoms share electrons unequally is called a
polar covalent bond
The type of bond found between two polar molecules is called a(n)
hydrogen bond
Water cannot easily interact with which of the following?
non-polar covalent molecules
Water is a(n)
polar covalent molecule
In a solution, the substance being dissolved is the
solute
A substance with a pH lower than 7.0 would be considered
acid
Which of the following is a substance that resists pH change?
buffer
The chemical reaction that combines monomers is called a(n)
dehydration reaction
The main function of triglycerides is to
store energy
Amino acids are the monomer for
proteins
Glucose is an example of a
monomer of a carbohydrate
The type of polysaccharide the human body can produce is
glycogen
A common form of potential energy can be found
within chemical bonds
In the equation A + B -> AB, AB is the
product
A(n) ________ acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.
enzyme
A protein can be denatured (structure permanently changed) by all of the following EXCEPT
low temperature
The energy molecule that a cell can use to do cellular work such as muscle contractions is
ATP
Anaerobic cellular respiration produces
lactic acid
Which organelle is necessary for aerobic cellular respiration?
mitochondria
The only use of O2 in the human body is to produce ATP.
True
The energy released during cellular respiration is used
to add a phosphate (P) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to make ATP
The first phase of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, does not use oxygen, and is called:
glycolysis
Which of the following is the smallest unit that is living and is the foundational unit of anatomy and physiology?
cell
ribosome
is the site of ATP production
lysosome
digests unwanted cellular debris
The cellular membrane is composed mostly of
phospholipids
Which of the following will increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and secretion?
microvilli
Which of the following cell surface extensions functions to aid in moving a substance past a cell?
cilia
Which cell junction strongly joins two cells together and are similar to rivets or buttons?
desmosomes
Diffusion across a membrane is when
a substance moves from high concentrations of that substance to low concentrations of that substance across a cellular membrane.
Which of the following can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion?
proteins
If there is a high concentration of Na+ in the ECF and a low concentration in the ICF, which way would Na+ move if a Na+ channel opened?
Na+ would move into the cell
If a cell were placed into a hypertonic solution, the cell would
crenate (shrink)
- Which of the following is true for active transport?
It moves a substance from an area of lower concentration into higher concentration, requires ATP, and a membrane protein.
Which of the following will result in creation of a concentration gradient?
Pumps (active transport)
Which process does a cell use to engulf large substances?
endocytosis
Mitosis is important for
tissue growth, cell replacement, and tissue repair
Production of mRNA from DNA takes place in the
nucleus and is called transcription
How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal, healthy human have?
23
____________ refers to different forms of the same gene. Each form codes for a slightly different protein.
allele
__________ refers to a physical characteristic that is expressed by genes.
phenotype
A human with one dominant allele and one recessive allele would have a
heterozygous genotype
A human with one dominant allele and one recessive allele would express
recessive phenotype
A sex-linked trait is one that
is located on either the X or Y chromosome
Inheritance of several characteristics (such as freckles and dimples) follows set patterns called
mendelian inheritance
ABO blood types is an example where more than one protein can be expressed at a time. This is called
codominance
During meiosis, if non-disjunction occurs and a fetus has an extra chromosome,
the fetus is likely to have severe consequences
