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History gcse > Narrowed down HINTS > Flashcards

Narrowed down HINTS Flashcards

1
Q

When did O’Neill become NI prime minister

A

March 1963

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2
Q

Why was O’Neills leadership weak from the start

A

Most unionist mps wanted Brian Faulkner to be prime minister.

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3
Q

What were O’Neills policies (4)

A
  1. £900 million investment to update existing industries and attract new ones.
  2. Modernising roads and railways.
  3. Co-operation with Dublin based Irish trade union congress
  4. Establishment of an economic council led by Brian Faulkner to drive forward economic success.
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4
Q

What were O’Neills policies (3)

A
  1. Creation of a Ministry of development to drive forward economic revival
  2. Establishing Craigavon
  3. Creation of a uni in Coleraine to develop a more skilled workforce.
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5
Q

What were the success of O’Neills policies

A
  1. Many industries such as Michelin took advantage of investments and opened new factories
  2. The construction of a new motorway system was started
  3. A new oil refinery was opened.
  4. A new airport was under development
  5. Links with Dublin allowed O’Neill to sign an agreement for the supply of electricity from down South
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6
Q

What were the failures of O’Neills policies

A
  1. Between 1963-1969 the government had to give money to Harland and Wolff in order to stay afloat
  2. companies refused to open factories west of the river Bann as it was too remote
  3. unemployment averaged between 7 and 8 percent
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7
Q

How did Nationalist react to O’neils policies

A

Initial support gave way to frustration as the future they were promised had failed.

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8
Q

Why do some believe the policies were tailored towards Protestants

A
  1. Economic development was made in mainly Protestant areas
  2. Unemployment was higher West of the River Bann
  3. the uni was opened in Coleraine and not Derry which is Ni second city
  4. there were no big attempts to improve catholic membership in health and education bodies
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9
Q

How did O’Neill try to improve relations with nationalist communities

A
  1. By visiting Armagh Archbishop William Conway
  2. By offering condolences to the Catholic church after pope Johns death in 1963
  3. By visiting catholic ran schools and hospitals
  4. By increasing financial support for Catholic ran schools and hospitals.
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10
Q

When did NICRA emerge

A

1967

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11
Q

Why was NICRA set up

A

Set up as a non-sectarian organisation it aimed to end abuse in the existing political system

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12
Q

What were NICRAs aims (4)

A
  1. Achieve one man one vote
  2. Ensure fair allocation of council housing
  3. End gerrymandering
  4. Prevent discrimination in the allocation of government jobs
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13
Q

What were NICRAs aims (3)

A
  1. Remove special powers act
  2. disband b specials
  3. Establish a formal complaints procedure against local authorities.
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14
Q

What were Catholic responses to NICRA

A

New generation Catholics really supported NICRA and were seen to have a growing confidence as they liked their aims as they were unhappy with their own parties aims that seemed to only want to end the partition.

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15
Q

What were Protestant responses to NICRA

A

Liberal protestants sympathised with some of NICRAs aims as they believed it would create a fairer NI and would end the intent for a united Ireland

But some felt it was an intent for violence and were only interested in the rights of Catholics, and would undermine protestant position.

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16
Q

How did the downing street declaration reassure the Nationalist community

A

It reassured them as they were told that every citizen of NI is entitled to the same equality of treatment
irregardless of religion

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17
Q

How did the downing street declaration reassure the Unionist community

A

It reassured them as they were told Ni wouldn’t cease to be apart of the Uk without consent from the people of NI

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18
Q

What is in the Declaration

A
  • London agreeing that Ni wouldnt cease to be apart of the Uk without consent from people of NI
  • Dublin accepted that United Ireland needed majority consent and also accepted that parts of the 1937 constitution were unacceptable to Unionists and agreed to change it
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19
Q

What was the Unionist responses to the downing street declaration

A
  • The UUP were comforted by parts of the declaration but were unhappy as the suspected bias towards nationalists calling it its “green tinge”
  • The DUP saw it as the stepping stones for United ireland.
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20
Q

What were Nationalist responses to the downing street declaration

A

Sinn Féin Were happy Britain accept self-determination but didn’t like that Unionists had the power to stop new laws being passed

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21
Q

What was the reason for internment

A

It was introduced as Brian Faulkner was unable to reduce the levels of violence during July and August in 1971 in marching season

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22
Q

What is internment

A

It is the reintroduction of the special powers act for anyone suspected of working against the state

23
Q

was internment effective

A

it wasnt effective as the intelligence was out of date and not one of the 452 men arrested were apart of the IRA.

It was targeted towards IRA members and civil rights marchers and didn’t intern Loyalists Til Feb 1973

24
Q

What were nationalist responses to the introduction of internment

A

They saw it as one sided and as a result IRA membership increased and also further created a bad relationship with British army. Internment increased violence and destruction

25
Q

What was the first reason for the Anglo-Irish agreement to be signed

A
  1. Nationalists and the British government feared Sinn Féin would overtake the SDLP and become the principle nationalist party, making agreements more difficult and could threaten the stability of the uk
26
Q

What was the second reason for the Anglo-Irish agreement being signed

A
  1. Margret Thatcher signed for the agreement for security as the IRA tried to kill her in 1984. She realised if she didn’t form an alliance with NI she wouldn’t improve security
27
Q

What was the third reason for the Anglo-Irish agreement being signed

A
  1. Garret Fitzgerald hoped that if they reduced alienation that it would undermine the minorities tolerance of the IRA.
28
Q

What was agreed in the Anglo-Irish Agreement

A
  1. The establishment of an intergovernmental conference, dealing with issues: Security, legal, political and also improving cross-border co-operation
  2. A permanent Secretariat made up of Northern Irish and Southern Irish civil servants to provide support to the conference.
  3. Devolution would only occur if there was agreement on the sharing of power.
29
Q

What were the Unionist reactions to the Anglo-Irish agreement

A
  • They were appalled as they felt abandoned by their own government
  • They believed it was the starting process for a United Ireland
  • They were annoyed that they were kept in the dark and that the SDLP was was consulted.
30
Q

What were the Nationalists reactions to the Anglo-Irish agreement

A

Sien Féin condemned the agreement as they thought it made it harder to get a United Ireland as the agreement created a bigger divide in Northern Ireland.

31
Q

How did Unionists show opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement

A
  • Bonefires
  • Marches
  • A huge protest
  • 15 Unionist Mps resigned their seats at Westminster.
32
Q

Whats the structure of a “How useful” Question

A
  1. Summary of what the source is about, Who wrote it and what type of source it is (Primary, first hand) (Secondary, after the time it happened).
  2. Date
  3. Content
  4. Limitations (What does it not tell us)
33
Q

What should you include in “How reliable questions”

A
  1. Author
  2. Date
  3. Motive (why wrote it)
  4. Intended audience
  5. Tone and content
  6. The type of source
  7. Conclusion (While it represents views of … it may not be entirely reliable because)
34
Q

When was the downing street declaration

A

15th December 1993

35
Q

Who signed the Downing street declaration

A

Uk Pm: John Major

Irish Pm: Albert Reynolds

36
Q

Who signed the Good Friday agreement

A
  • UUP leader David Trimble

- SDLP leader John Hume

37
Q

When was the Good Friday agreement signed

A

10th of April 1998

38
Q

When was the Anglo-Irish agreement signed

A

15th November 1989

39
Q

Who signed the Anglo-Irish agreement

A

UK Pm: Margret Thatcher

Irish Pm: Garret FitzGerald

40
Q

What does strand one focus on in the GFA

A

It focuses of the new governmental structure for NI

41
Q

What does Strand two focus on in the GFA

A

It focuses on the relationship between NI and Ireland

42
Q

What does Strand three focus on in the GFA

A

It focuses on the British Irish relations

43
Q

What was strand ones outcome in the GFA

A

108 MLP Power sharing assembly

44
Q

What was strand twos outcome of the GFA

A

Creation of North-South council

45
Q

What was strand threes outcome of the GFA

A

A British-Irish council to link Ni to England

46
Q

What were the other outcomes of the GFA

A

The British government replacing 1920 Government of Ireland act

The Irish government getting rid of its constitutional claims to Ni, got rid of Articles 2 and 3

There were prisoner releases along with paramilitary decommissioning

47
Q

What were the responses to the GFA

A
  • The DUP and the UKUP opposed the agreement with 6/10 UUP Mps opposing it. But 71% of Ni agreed to the agreement
  • In may 1998 PIRA announced they wouldn’t decommission their weapons as they felt the agreement fell short of providing a solid basis for a lasting settlement
  • But Sinn Féin told their supporters to back the agreement
48
Q

Why was there the GFA

A

The aim was to establish a new government for ni where Unionists and Nationalists shared power

49
Q

Why didnt the DUP sign the GFA

A

Sinn Féins presence prompted them to walk out and wouldnt even consider proximity negotiations.

50
Q

When did Brian Faulkner become PM

A

End of March 1971 replacing Chiester-Clark

51
Q

What is Bloody Sunday

A

A riot developed in Derry and troops from the parachute regiment were ordered into the bog side and shot thirteen men dead and thirteen more shot.

52
Q

Unionist responses to Bloody Sunday

A

-there was continued support for the government but felt regret for the men killed. They recognised the march was illegal and those killed were armed

53
Q

Nationalist responses to Bloody Sunday

A
  • After given the idea all victims were innocent, hostility to the state increased
  • IRA membership increased
  • Britain faced international condemnation for the role it played in NI

History gcse (5 decks)

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