Narrow Personality Traits, 2A Flashcards
What do broader, higher level descriptors predict?
More behaviours, but with lower accuracy
What do narrower, low-level descriptors predict?
Fewer behaviours, but with more accuracy. Stronger predictors of specific behaviours.
What do holistic models of the entire personality aim for?
A simple model of the entire personality space - fewer, broad traits
What do narrow measures of the specific part(s) of personality focus on?
Part of personality relevant to specific behaviour - specific, narrow traits
What does Adorno explain that authoritarianism/conservatism is?
- Preference for unambiguous, familiar routines
- Strong views on crime and punishment
- Respect for institution
- Uncritical acceptance of authority in society
- Reluctance to introspect
- Belief that pleasure is wrong
What did Bouchard et al.,’s 2003 twin study tell us about conservatism?
There is evidence for heritability of conservatism from twins reared apart
What did Amodio et al., 2007 ‘s study tell us about conservatism?
Associated with decreased neural response to suppressing a habitual response in Go/No-Go task.
What is the Go/No-Go task?
- Clap every time you see the letter M (Go trials)
- Make no response when see letter W (No-Go trials)
- Brain activity during No-Go trials reflects neural response to signals that require a non-routine response
What is the continuity hypothesis?
There is no discontinuity between ‘normality’ and illness.
What does the continuity hypothesis mean?
We should be able to find personality traits in non-clinical populations that are related to psychosis.
What is schizotypy?
Correlated items based on clinical descriptions of schizophrenia - reflects genetic/biological vulnerability to psychosis
What are some common symptoms of schizophrenia?
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech and behavior
- Negative symptoms such as blunted affect, avolition, and poverty of speech
According to the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings, documented by Mason, Claridge and Jackson, 1995, what are the concepts/measures of schizotypy?
- Unusual Experiences – related to perceptual distortions, hallucinations, and magical thinking.
- Cognitive Disorganisation – related to cognitive difficulties, sense of purposelessness, anxiety etc
- Introvertive Anhedonia – related to lack of enjoyment from social sources, and dislike of intimacy
- Impulsive Nonconformity – related to impulsive and disinhibited behaviour
What is the schizotypal personality questionnaire?
Configured by Raine, 1991 - nine features of schizotypal personality disorder (DSM-II-R): ideas of reference; excessive social anxiety; odd beliefs or magical thinking; unusual perceptual experiences; odd or eccentric behaviour; no close friends; odd speech; constricted affect; suspiciousness
What is a measure of cognitive inhibition, and what is its affect on schizophrenia?
Negative priming, and it is reduced in schizophrenia
