Narrative and Fill In the Blank questions

Question 1

Aristocrats engaged in sympotic culture in the archaic period because:

a) wine was more plentiful
b) express their privilege and class solidarity
c) men needed space to be men as women acquired more rights
d) they were bored

Answer 1

b) express their privilege and class solidarity

Question 2

As hoplite warfare became prominent, aristocrats needed new ways to express their physical prowess. To
this end they:
a) changed their style of dress to accentuate their muscles
b) invited friends to participate in mock battles in their homes
c) engaged in physical competition

Answer 2

c) engaged in physical competition

Question 3

In lyric poetry written by men woman are often described as:

a) horses
b) roses
c) wind

Answer 3

a) horses

Question 4

In lyric poetry, men describe love as:

a) delightful
b) a physical illness
c) an important milestone in their development as men

Answer 4

b) a physical illness

Question 5

Like epic poetry, lyric poetry was ___, but its topics tended to be more ___.

Answer 5

sung; personal

Question 6

Sporting events were either ____ in which winners received a crown, or ____ in which
winners received prizes.

Answer 6

stephanitic; chrematitic

Question 7

The panhellenic games that comprised the periodos (circuit) were the ___, ___, ___ and
___ games.

Answer 7

Olympic, Delphic, Isthmian,

Nemean

Question 8

All Greeks were allowed to participate in the Olympic games except:

a) women
b) slaves
c) all of the above

Answer 8

c) all of the above

Question 9

The most prestigious and oldest event at the Olympic games was ____

Answer 9

the stadion

Question 10

Which of the following was not an event at the Olympic games:

a) marathon
b) pentathalon
c) boxing
d) mule-cart race

Answer 10

a) marathon

Question 11

While women did not participate in the Olympic games, Kyniska, daughter of King Archidamus of
Sparta, became the first women to win an Olympic event in 396 by entering:
a) a chariot
b) her slaves in the stadion
c) the stadion herself in disguise as a man

Answer 11

a) a chariot

Question 12

Women participated in sports in Sparta because:

a) woman were regarded as equal to men
b) women, like, men trained as soldiers to defend Sparta
c) it was believed that fit women would produce stronger male infants and future soldiers

Answer 12

c) it was believed that fit women would produce stronger male infants and future soldiers

Question 13

In Athens, young girls participated in footraces in honor of ____. In these contests, young girls
dressed up as ____.

Answer 13

Artemis; bears

Question 14

Every fourth year, young girls ran footraces at Olympia in honor of ____. According to Pausanias, this
race was a sixth shorter than the men’s races.

Answer 14

Hera

Question 15

Art in the archaic period was influenced by ____ and ___. This period is referred to as ____

Answer 15

Egypt; the Near East; the “Orientalizing Period”

Question 16

The ___ and ___ statues which feature young people with archaic smiles were heavily influenced by
statues from ___. These statutes were frequently used as:
a) grave markers
b) offerings to gods and goddesses
c) as decorative features as the entrance to houses

Answer 16

kore; kouros; Egypt;

a) grave markers
b) offerings to gods and goddesses

Question 17

Under the leadership of Cypselus (657-627), Corinth dominated trade in ____

Answer 17

pottery

Question 18

While the Corinthians invented ____ pottery, the ___ invented red figure technique. Red
figure technique allowed for more subtle detail.

Answer 18

black figure; Athenians

Question 19

The Spartans enslaved those living in the Laconian plain. These individuals who were state owned slaves
were known as ____. These slaves outnumbered the Spartans by a ratio as high as seven to one. At birth,
each Spartan citizen was awarded a ____ which came with ____ to work the land and produce goods.
Providing each male citizen with these allowed the Spartans to maintain the illusion that they were ____.

Answer 19

helots; kleros; helots; homoioi

Question 20

The ____ lived in the vicinity of Sparta. While were forced to serve in the Spartan army, they did not
participate in Spartan government and could not have diplomatic relations with other city-states. Unlike the
Spartan citizens, these individuals were permitted to:
a) eat hot meals
b) live with whomever they wished
c) have sex with other men’s wives
d) handle money and precious metals

Answer 20

perioeci; d) handle money and precious metals

Question 21

During the ____ in the third quarter of the eighth century, the Spartans conquered the
____. Some of those conquered became ____ and others became ____.

Answer 21

First Messenian War; Messenians; helots; perioeci

Question 22

After the Battle of Hysiae in 669 BCE, the ___ revolted, leading to the ___.
The Spartans won this war, but the threat of a future revolt led to changes in Spartan society.

Answer 22

Messenians; Second Messenian War

Question 23

Thucydides dates Spartan reforms to the end of the ninth century, and other ancient writers to the tenth
century. While we can’t date the reforms of the Spartan lawgiver ____, we do know that they were in
place by the seventh or early sixth century. The reforms were given to the lawgiver by the Delphic oracle and
were known as ____

Answer 23

Lycurgus; The Great Rhetra

Question 24

Which of the following was not part of the Spartan educational system for boys/young men:

a) limiting food to accustom boys to hunger
b) limiting garments to one cloak a year
c) laughing at helots who were forced to drink
d) formation of teams to create rivalries
e) whipping of boys who were caught stealing cheese
f) none of the above

Answer 24

f) none of the above

Question 25

Many Greek people found Spartan women strange because:

a) they were well nourished
b) they exercised regularly
c) they had sex with men who were not their husbands
d) they wore clothing that revealed their thighs
e) all of the above

Answer 25

e) all of the above

Question 26

While the Athenians were permitted to marry foreigners (until 451 BCE) ____ was one factor that
contributed to a population decline in Sparta.

Answer 26

xenophobia

Question 27

The only Spartans whose names were inscribed on tombstones were:

a) men who died in battle
b) former kings and members of the gerousia
c) aristocrats
d) women who died in childbirth

Answer 27

a) men who died in battle

d) women who died in childbirth

Question 28

The constitution of Sparta is a mixed constitution because it combines elements of a democracy,
oligarchy, and monarchy. The democratic elements consists of the ____ in which
____. The oligarchic element is the ___ and is comprised of ____ and the monarchic element is the ___.

Answer 28

assembly; all Spartan citizens participate; gerousia; 28 men over the age of 60 and two Spartan kings; kingship

Question 29

The highest political honor a Spartan man could achieve was being elected:

a) king
b) a member of the gerousia
c) an ephor

Answer 29

b) a member of the gerousia

Question 30

Which of the following were duties of the ephors:

a) oversaw the kings to make sure they were abiding by the laws
b) impeaching a king if necessary
c) presided over the gerousia and assembly
d) distributed cheese at the alter of Artemis Orthia
e) oversaw the kyrpteia
f) examined boys in the nude every ten days

Answer 30

a) oversaw the kings to make sure they were abiding by the laws
b) impeaching a king if necessary
c) presided over the gerousia and assembly
e) oversaw the kyrpteia
f) examined boys in the nude every ten days

Question 31

The purpose of the ___ was mutual protection. Only Spartans could convene
meetings, and only Spartans served as commanders of the league. The only cities in the Peloponnese which
did not join the league were ___ and ___.

Answer 31

Peloponnesian League; Argos; Achaea

Question 32

The inhabitants of Athens believed that they were _____, which means “sprung from the land.”

Answer 32

autochthonous

Question 33

By the end of the eighth century, Attica had undergone ____ and all citizens of Attica considered
themselves Athenian. According to legend, ____ was responsible for instigating this process.

Answer 33

synoecism; Theseus

Question 34

In the early archaic period, there were nine archons: the ________ who _____, the ____ who _____, the _____ who ____, and six ____ who ____

Answer 34

archon basileus; presided over religious and
cult matters; polemarch; commanded the Athenian army; eponymous archon; supervised
public affairs and presided over the council and assembly; thesmothetes; were judicial officials

Question 35

The nine archons were elected for one-year terms and were selected from wealthy and well knownknown families referred to as _____.

Answer 35

Eupatrids

Question 36

Former archons worked with the Council of the _____. All former archons became members of this
council, which meant that:
a) archons would think twice before contradicting the wishes of the council
b) everyone knew each other well enough that meetings were short and efficient
c) Archons and the council were comprised of men who were wealthy and from well-known families

Answer 36

Areopagus;

a) archons would think twice before contradicting the wishes of the council
c) Archons and the council were comprised of men who were wealthy and from well-known families

Question 37

All Athenian male citizens participated in the ____. They also belonged to ____, and a ____ which
was a smaller group, perhaps originally a “brotherhood of warriors.” Membership in a phratry was proof of
_____.

Answer 37

assembly; tribe; phratry; citizenship

Question 38

In 632 BCE, _____, an Olympic victor, attempted to seize power in Athens. The supporters of this
conspiracy sought refuge at the altar of Athena and only agreed to surrender under the condition that they not
be killed. The conspirators tied a strong to the altar and held the string as they descended. When the string
broke _____ killed the supporters. This led the curse of his descendants, known as the ______. Two famous Athenian politicians, _____ and _____ are descendants of this family.

Answer 38

Cylon; Megacles; curse of the

Alcmaeonids; Cleisthenes; Pericles

Question 39

In 594 BCE _____ was archon of Athens. He passed a serious of laws to address _____ which
plagued Athens, partly as a result of the _____ system. This system meant that many poor people
were in debt and some even sold family members or became slaves themselves

Answer 39

Solon; inequality; sharecropping

Question 40

Included among Solon’s reforms, which were known as the _____, are the following:
a) establishing a system to guarantee that each Athenian citizen would receive a plot of land at birth
b) making it illegal for loans to be secured by anyone’s property or person
c) ending the system by which poor Athenians owed a sixth of their produce to wealthy landowners
d) tracking down Athenians sold as slaves abroad
e) creating a social welfare network in which wealthy landowners provided food for a single family
in times of crisis

Answer 40

seisachtheia;

b) making it illegal for loans to be secured by anyone’s property or person
c) ending the system by which poor Athenians owed a sixth of their produce to wealthy landowners
d) tracking down Athenians sold as slaves abroad

Question 41

The economic reforms passed by Solon include the following:
a) switching the Athenian standard of measurement to the more widely used Euboeic system
b) offering incentives for Athenian citizens buy items produced within Athens
c) offering citizenship to artisans and craftspeople who emigrated to Athens
d) taxing items imported to Athens
e) giving the Areopagus the power to examine whether every citizen has a means to support himself
f) making it illegal to export grain
g) making it mandatory for a father to teach his son a trade; if he does not, the son is not required to
care for him in old age

Answer 41

a) switching the Athenian standard of measurement to the more widely used Euboeic system
c) offering citizenship to artisans and craftspeople who emigrated to Athens
e) giving the Areopagus the power to examine whether every citizen has a means to support himself
f) making it illegal to export grain
g) making it mandatory for a father to teach his son a trade; if he does not, the son is not required to
care for him in old age

Question 42

In addition Solon made ____ rather than ____ a requirement to hold political office in Athens

Answer 42

wealth; birth

Question 43

The pentakosiomedimnoi (500-measure men) could run for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the hippeis ("horsemen") could run for \_\_\_\_\_, the zeugitai (men who could afford a team of yoked oxen) could run for \_\_\_\_, while the thetes could \_\_\_\_. The
hoplite phalanx mostly consisted of men from the \_\_\_\_ while the rowers in the navy were \_\_\_.
Men from all classes, however, were included in the \_\_\_ which was the pool of prospective jurors

Answer 43

state treasurer, archonships, and lower offices; archonships and lower offices; lower offices; attend the assembly; zeugitai class; thetes; heliaia

Question 44

The Council of the ____ was not sympathetic to the ____ since it was comprised of former archons.
Solon created the ____ comprised of 100 men from each of the Athenian tribes as a counterweight.

Answer 44

Areopagus; poor; Council of 400

Question 45

To limit visible evidence of inequality, Solon limited ostentatious displays of wealth by ____, in
particular at funerals.

Answer 45

women

Question 46

While Solon made it illegal to sell citizens into slavery, he did allow fathers to sell their unmarried
daughters into slavery if he discovered she was not ____.

Answer 46

a virgin

Question 47

While these reforms did improve life in Athens for many, they also intensified competition among the
classes for political office, leading to the tyranny of the ____.

Answer 47

Peisistratids

Question 48

Having passed these policies and laws, Solon went to Lydia, where he met ____, the king of Lydia.
This king asks if there is anyone happier than anyone else, expecting that he will be named the happiest.
Solon responds, stating that:
a) it is impossible to know whether someone still alive is happiest; it is necessary to know how a man
dies
b) the king of Lydia is clearly self-interested and so he refuses to answer
c) his own reforms have made the Athenians the happiest

Answer 48

Croesus;
a) it is impossible to know whether someone still alive is happiest; it is necessary to know how a man
dies

Question 49

Around the time of Peisistratus, there were three factions in Attica. The _____ who were poor
city dwellers, the _____ who were large landowners, and ______ who were craftsmen.

Answer 49

men of the hills; men of the plains; men of the coast

Question 50

The _____ supported Peisistratus. Peisistratus seized power by:

a) entering the city with his armed supporters and besieging the Acropolis
b) dressing up as the god Poseidon to appease the coastal faction
c) injuring his mules and then entering Athens claiming that he needs bodyguards for protection

Answer 50

men of the hills;

c) injuring his mules and then entering Athens claiming that he needs bodyguards for protection

Question 51

After five years in power, Peisistratus is driven out of Athens by ____ and _____.

Answer 51

men of the coast; men of the plains

Question 52

Megacles, who was an ____, had quarreled with his own faction and allied himself to Peisistratus.
He gave his daughter in marriage to Peisistratus. To seize power, Peisistratus did the following:
a) imprisoned his political enemies
b) spread rumors about men from the coast and plain to persuade the men from the hills to support
him
c) found a tall lady, dressed her up as Athena, and canvases the villages of Attica with her
d) made false claims that the Delphic oracle told him he must rule to avert a plague

Answer 52

Alcmaeonid; c) found a tall lady, dressed her up as Athena, and canvases the villages of Attica with her

Question 53

Megacles supported Peisistratus’ enemies who sought to expel the tyrant because:

a) Peisistratus refused to pass policies which would have benefited his family
b) Peisistratus refused to revoke the curse of the Alcmaeonids
c) Peisistratus refused to have sex with Megacles’ daughter in the usual way

Answer 53

c) Peisistratus refused to have sex with Megacles’ daughter in the usual way

Question 54

Driven into exile a second time, Peisistratus regained power in Athens after landing at ____ and
defeating the Athenian army at _____.

Answer 54

Marathon; Pallene

Question 55

Included among Peisistratus’ reforms were the following:

a) issuing the first Athenian coins known as owls
b) offering land and loans to the poor
c) revoking Solon’s laws concerning displays of wealth
d) installing tyrants in other cities (Lygdamis in Naxos and Polycrates in Samos)
e) recapturing Sigeum
f) sending Miltiades to the Thracian Chersonese to establish Athenian power
g) replacing private wells with public fountain houses
h) constructing the first aqueduct
i) rebuilding the temple of Athens on the Acropolis and beginning the temple of Olympian Zeus
j) standardizing the educational system
k) encouraging the export of Athenian pottery

Answer 55

a) issuing the first Athenian coins known as owls
b) offering land and loans to the poor
d) installing tyrants in other cities (Lygdamis in Naxos and Polycrates in Samos)
e) recapturing Sigeum
f) sending Miltiades to the Thracian Chersonese to establish Athenian power
g) replacing private wells with public fountain houses
h) constructing the first aqueduct
i) rebuilding the temple of Athens on the Acropolis and beginning the temple of Olympian Zeus
k) encouraging the export of Athenian pottery

Question 56

After the death of Peisistratus, two men, ____ and _____ planned to kill Peisistratus’ sons.
They plan to kill them because:
a) They were leading voices of opposition at the time and were persuaded to kill the tyrants by the
men of the coast.
b) They found the rule of the Peisistratid’s impossible to bear after what Hippias did to Harmodius’
father.
c) Hipparchus was angry at Harmodius because Harmodius rejected his sexual advances, so
Hipparchus denied Harmodius’ sister the privilege of carrying a basket at the Panathenaic procession.

Answer 56

Harmodius; Aristogeiton; c) Hipparchus was angry at Harmodius because Harmodius rejected his sexual advances, so Hipparchus denied Harmodius’ sister the privilege of carrying a basket at the Panathenaic procession.

Question 57

While Harmodius and Aristogeiton killed ____, the ____ were persuaded to remove _____
from power by the Delphic oracle. The oracle was being bribed by _____.

Answer 57

Hipparchus; Spartans; Hippias; the Alcmaeonids

Question 58

The removal of Hippias leads to a struggle between _____, who was an oligarch and supported by the
Spartans and ____ who was from the ____ clan.

Answer 58

Isagoras; Cleisthenes; Alcmaeonid

Question 59

Some Athenians supported _____ because he proposed revoking citizenship which had been extended during the reign of Peisistratus. Most, however, supported _____ who rejected this policy.

Answer 59

Isagoras; Cleisthenes

Question 60

Isagoras expelled _____ by invoking the curse of the _____

Answer 60

Cleisthenes; Alcmaeonids

Question 61

The Spartan king _____, fearing the growth of Athenian power, supported _____ and expelled
700 families from the Athens. The Athenians rose up and drove the Spartan king and Isagoras from Athens,
and they also seek help from the ____ should the Spartans interfere again.

Answer 61

Cleomenes; Isagoras; Persians

Question 62

Cleisthenes changed the number of ____ from four to ten. Each tribe consisted of men from the ____,
the ____, and the ____, thereby weakening factional affiliations. Each tribe contributed fifty men chosen
annually by lot to the ______.

Answer 62

tribes; hills; coast; plain; Council of Five Hundred

Question 63

According to Cleisthenes’ reforms, each group of fifty men chosen by lot was in charge of the _____ for a tenth of the year

Answer 63

Council of Five Hundred

Question 64

Cleisthenes reorganized the army so that each tribe elected one ____, one _____. and one
_____. Unlike the archons, the ____ could serve more than one term, which meant that this office
eventually became the most prestigious one.

Answer 64

taxiarchos; hipparchos; strategos; strategos

Question 65

The first king of Persia was ____, whose mother was the daughter of ____, king of the Medes, but
whose father was Persian.

Answer 65

Cyrus; Astyages

Question 66

In 546 Cyrus defeated Croesus, the king of ____. This was the first point of contact between the
Persians the Greek city-states in Asia Minor. Cyrus conquered the Babylonians, Assyrians, Syrians, and
Palestinians, but he did not practice _____, and, in fact, allowed the Jewish people to return to
Jerusalem. Cyrus’ achievements are preserved in the _____.

Answer 66

Lydia; deportation; Cyrus Cylinder

Question 67

Cyrus’ son, ____, ruled after Cyrus. He conquered ____.

Answer 67

Cambyses; Egypt

Question 68

Seven Persians conspired against the Pseudo-Smerdis, who pretended to the brother of ____.
Having overthrown the Pseudo-Smerdis, Herodotus reports that the conspirators engaged in a debate about
what form of government they should adopt. One Persian supported ______, another _____, and
another _____. The argument for ____ prevailed, and ___ became king.

Answer 68

Cambyses; oligarchy; monarchy; democracy; monarchy; Darius

Question 69

In 499, ______ incited a rebellion among the Greek city-states of Asia Minor. This rebellion is know
as _____.

Answer 69

Aristagoras; Ionian Revolt

Question 70

Aristagoras sought help from Sparta and Athens, but only _____ and the _____ agreed to help.

Answer 70

Athenians; Eretrians

Question 71

In the course of the revolt, the Persian (formally Lydian) city of ____ was burned to the ground. Darius
promised to make the ___ pay for the burning of this city.

Answer 71

Sardis; Athenians

Question 72

In 494, the Ionians were defeated at ____ and the city of _____ was destroyed. The women and
children of this city were enslaved, and the men were relocated to Mesopotamia

Answer 72

Lade; Miletus

Question 73

In 492 Darius sent ____ west, but his fleet was destroyed off the coast of ____. Despite this, he
still managed to subdue ____, ____, and _____ by demanding ___ and ___, the proverbial tokens
of submission to Persia.

Answer 73

Mardonius; Athos; Thrace; Thasos; Thessaly; earth; water

Question 74

In 490 Darius sent a second fleet west to punish the _____ for the burning of Sardis and for not living
up to the terms of the agreement mad ten years earlier. ____ and ____ were in command of the fleet.
The Athenian ____ advised the Persians. After burning Naxos and Eretria, the Persians arrived at
____.

Answer 74

Athenians; Datis; Artaphernes; Hippias; Marathon

Question 75

The Athenians dispatched a runner, _____, to seek help from the Spartans. The Spartans were
unable to send help because:
a) they hated the Athenians
b) their army was already too busy dealing with a slave revolt
c) they were celebrating a festival of Apollo

Answer 75

Pheidippides; c) they were celebrating a festival of Apollo

Question 76

Before the battle of Marathon, five generals wanted to engage the Persians and five wanted to wait for
the Spartans. ____ persuaded ______, the polemarch of Athens, who cast the deciding vote, to
engage the Persians.

Answer 76

Miltiades; Callimachus

Question 77

The Athenians were heavily outnumbered, but they defeated the Persians. The Athenians who fought at
Marathon were called _____. The playwright, ____, also fought at the battle of Marathon.
Those who died in the battle were cremated and buried on site.

Answer 77

marathonomachoi; Aeschylus

Question 78

In 487, the Athenians began selecting ____ by lot. All potential archon holders, however, were
subjected to a ____. The selection by lot meant that ambitious men would seek the office of _____
which was an elected office and could be held more than once.

Answer 78

archons; dokimasia; strategos

Question 79

By 484, ____, the son of Darius, decided to invade Greece. One of his advisors, ____, supported
this decision. Another, ____, was hesitant.

Answer 79

Xerxes; Mardonius; Artabanus

Question 80

In 482, ____ was ostracized. He had proposed splitting the money from the silver mines at Laurium
evenly among citizens. His opponent, ____, advised investing the money in ships.

Answer 80

Aristides; Themistocles

Question 81

Xerxes engaged in the following projects before setting out to Greece:

a) he coated his ships with a thick resin to prevent leaks
b) he created a pontoon bridge across the Hellespont to transport his land army
c) he dug a canal across Athos to avoid sailing around the peninsula
d) he imprisoned all Ionian dissenters to circumvent the flow of information from his court to Athens

Answer 81

b) he created a pontoon bridge across the Hellespont to transport his land army
c) he dug a canal across Athos to avoid sailing around the peninsula

Question 82

In 481 the ______ met. Athens and _____ were reconciled, and the ____ were given the
command on both land and sea. The Greeks decided to send land forces to ____ and their navy to
_____

Answer 82

Hellenic League; Aegina; Spartans; Thermopylae; Artemesium

Question 83

____ urged the Athenians to evacuate Athens, and most Athenians evacuated to ____. He
based his advice to the Athenians on:
a) intel from a spy
b) his interpretation of the Delphic oracle
c) his secret animosity towards the Athenians
d) the advice he received from the sacred snake of the Acropolis urging him to leave

Answer 83

Themistocles; Salamis;

b) his interpretation of the Delphic oracle

Question 84

The Spartans received an oracle from Delphi indicating that:

a) they would reign supreme if they led the Greek forces
b) the gods would send a plague if they sided with the Persians
c) the Greek forces would only prevail if a Spartan king died

Answer 84

c) the Greek forces would only prevail if a Spartan king died

Question 85

At Thermopylae, ____ revealed a mountain pass to Hydarnes and the _____ which allowed the
Persians to circle behind the Greek forces.

Answer 85

Ephialtes; Immortals

Question 86

When the Spartan king, ____, learned that the pass has been betrayed, he dismissed all of the Greek
forces except for 300 Spartans, some Thespians, and Theban prisoners remain. The _____ were defeated
and the head of ____ was impaled on stake.

Answer 86

Leonidas; Greeks; Leonidas

Question 87

The Greek fleet sailed from Artemesium to Salamis. When the Greek forces learned of the outcome of
Thermopylae, some, namely the _____, wanted to retreat to the ____ in order to defend the
Peloponnese. The ____ watched their city being burned by the Persians from Salamis.

Answer 87

Spartans; isthmus; Athenians

Question 88

____ sent a messenger to Xerxes encouraging him to attack the Greeks at ____. He did this
because:
a) he secretly hated the Athenians
b) he knew the Persian would not be able to take advantage of their numbers in the narrow waters
around Salamis
c) he was hoping to be rewarded by the Persians

Answer 88

Themistocles; Salamis;

b) he knew the Persian would not be able to take advantage of their numbers in the narrow waters
around Salamis

Question 89

The only commander of the Persian forces who advised against attacking the Greeks at Salamis was
______ of _______, the same city Herodotus is from.

Answer 89

Artemesia; Halicarnassus

Question 90

The _____ won the battle of Salamis.

Answer 90

Greeks

Question 91

_____ persuaded Xerxes to leave him in charge of the Persian land army in Greece. He argued that
the _____ and the ______ and others were responsible for the outcome of Salamis, and not the
Persian land army.

Answer 91

Mardonius; Egyptians; Phoenicians

Question 92

In 479 at the battle of _____ the Persians were defeated and _____ was killed. The Greek
commander of the forces at this battle was ____, the nephew of Leonidas. The Theban leaders who had
____ were killed without a trial after the battle. On the very same day the Greek fleet defeated the
Persians at _____ off the coast of Asia Minor.

Answer 92

Plataea; Mardonius; Pausanias; medized; Mycale