Narcolepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemiology?

A

1 in 2000 people are affected

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2
Q

Onset?

A

Between 10 and 20years presents with sudden onset of persistent daytime sleepiness

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3
Q

Useful diagnostic clue in history?

A

They feel refreshed after a full night’s sleep

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4
Q

What is the characteristic feature?

A

Disturbance in rapid eye movement sleep which can occur any time and lead to unusual states between sleep and wakefulness

Hypnopompic and hypnogogic hallucinations

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5
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

It is one of the REM like states

Sudden episodes of partial or complete paralysis of voluntary muscles sometimes causing the person to fall on the ground

Occurs in Type 1 Narcolepsy only

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6
Q

Additional features or associations?

A

Obesity

Depression

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7
Q

What are the types of narcolepsy?

A

Type 1 - characterized by cataplexy and marked reduction of a peptide called Orexin A in CSF

It is secreted by hypothalamic neurons. Severe selective loss causes reduction

Type 2- no cataplexy normal CSF orexin A levels
Diagnosis is challenging. Biology is less well understood.

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8
Q

Is there a genetic association?

A

HLADQB1*06:02
Is affected in more than 98% of Type 1 narcolepsy

Other genes of immune function

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9
Q

Is narcolepsy and autoimmune disease

A

New evidence are suggestive of that

Can be triggered by infections and other stimuli

Onset is common in late spring after streptococcal infections

Influenza vaccine in children had caused

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