Nappy bonaparte Flashcards
Napoleon’s military triumph that resulted in his appointment to army of Italy
13 Vendemiaire Uprising - 5th October 1795 - Royalists shut down with Napoleon’s ‘whiff of grapeshot’
- promoted to general/commander in chief and lead Army of Italy
Ended war of First coalition
Treaty of Campo Formio - 18th October 1797 - against wishes of Directory
Battle of Lodi
10th May 1796 - at Lodi bridge in Italy, attacked the Austrians limiting access to their guns, who did not destroy the bridge despite the French oncoming when they had the chance.
- Austrian counterattack was threatening but arrival of French cavalry pushed Austrians back
- Napoleon highlighted it as big success despite Austrians getting away (Jean-Pierre Beaulieu)
Egyptian Campaign
1st July 1798 landed in egypt - attempt to threaten british trade routes w/ india
- immediate success defeating Mamalukes at Battle of Pyramids.
- defeat at Aboukir indicated failure to Napoleon who abandoned his now diseased and dying soldiers to chaos in france
- still seen as evidence of his military success despite failure of campaign
War of 2nd Coalition
1798–1802
-2nd war on revolutionary France by European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria and Russia, Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples, various German monarchies and Sweden.
coup of 18 Brumaire
9th November - 1799 - overthrew directory with Sieyes
- entered house of legislative 500, accused them of violation of the constitution
- supported by brother Lucien (deputy on council of 500)
- 3 man triumvirate consulate established
Became First Consul
after coup of Brumaire - eventually becoming consul for life and manipulating power for himself
Bank of France Founded
18th January 1800 - created to restore confidence in French Banking
- founded partly with state funds but mainly private capital
- made task of raising finance far easier - something lacked by ancien regime
Battle of Marengo
14th June 1800 - 2nd coalition battle between France and Austria
- narrow victory
- 28,000 troops vs Gen. Melas’ 31,000
- close fail as Napoleon misread Melas full scale assault
- urgently sent french divisions to Marengo
- Melas retreated and assuming victory left in command of chief of Staff, Anton Zach
- french help arrives under Dessaix (died), counterattack - french pressure and chance Austrian explosion allowed full on offence by French
- Austria forced to retreat and Lombardy taken by French
Failed assassination on Napoleon
1800
Concordat with Pope
1801 - sought reconciliation with french church and pope following the revolution
- Church recognised rev and agreed to not regain lands
- Church to be state controlled with its clergy appointed and paid by gov - had to swear loyalty
- toleration of other faiths such as Jews allowed
Peace of Amiens - end of Revolutionary wars
25th March - 1802 - peace between France and Britain but only lasted a year til 18th May 1803
Tribunate purged for opposing the Civil Code
1802
Plebiscite confirmed Napoleon as First Consul for Life
2nd August 1802 - likely rigged election that showed 99.7% approval for Napoleon to be consul for life - bs
Britain declared war on France - start of Napoleonic wars and War of Third Coalition
1803 - Britain declare as Napoleon plans to invade (destroyed at battle of Trafalgar) leads to Third Coalition in 1805
Execution of Duc d’Enghein
21st March 1804 - relative of Bourbon monarchs of France - executed for plotting with Britain against France
Civil Code 1
21st March 1804 - Legal System - both liberal and illiberal, upholding and undermining ideals of Rev
UPHOLDING:
- common law - citizens to have civil rights
- judges to be guided by law
- legal rights of those who had bought old church and noble land could not be challenged
- system of inheritance - partage - didn’t have to give lands to eldest son
- fuedalism abolished (confirmation)
- privileges of Catholic Church removed
Civil Code 2 (less liberal reforms)
- Slavery in colonies permitted
- Considerable authority given to males in household - women and children expected to obey - unfaithful or disobedient could be imprisoned
- Married women could not own property
- Divorce requirements differed for women. Women could file based on grounds that woman was actually brought into the house
- Husbands custody over children - overall very patriarchal
Napoleon crowned Emperor
2nd December 1804 - crowned himself Emperor of the French
Napoleon crowned king of Italy in Milan
May 26th - 1804
Third Coalition Formed
The War of the Third Coalition - European conflict, 1803 to 1806.
-during war France and its client states under Napoleon I defeated an alliance, the Third Coalition, made up of the Holy Roman Empire, Russia, Britain and others.
Battle of Trafalgar - defeat
October 21st - 1805 - 33 ships (french & spanish) vs Nelson with 27 ships
- shattered Napoleons plans to invade England and it was a complete failure for French
- confirmed the British Naval supremacy for 100 years
Battle of Ulm
25th September - 20th October 1805 - Major strategic triumph for Napoleon
- had 210,000 men against 72,000 Austrians (gen. Mack)
- massed grand army to annihilate Mack before the Russians arrived after concentrating the battle in Germany
- Mack didn’t expect that many troops
- Grand Army, moved on Mack’s rear along Danube and cut his lines of retreat eastward.
- several battles took place in which large numbers of Austrian troops were captured. Napoleon forced the main Austrian body to retire into Ulm -15th oct. 16th, French artillery fired on town
- Mack saw troops in no condition to stand a siege Russian reinforcements arrived. Surrendered - 20th - Russians still 100 miles away. Austrian prisoners captured - approx 50,000- French losses were insignificant.
Battle of Austerlitz
December 2nd 1802 - Battle of Three emperors -greatest victory - 68,000 french defeated almost 90,000 Russians and Austrians nominally under Kutuzov
- Austria peace with France (Treaty of Pressburg) and kept Prussia temp. out of anti-French alliance.
- napoleon was pretty skilled u must revise details here saz (too much to fit)
Creation of Confederation of the Rhine
formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon after he defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg, in effect, led to the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, which lasted from 1806 to 1813 (Treaty of Pressburg following Austerlitz)
War of The Fourth Coalition
1806-7 - war with prussia provoked with imposing of continental system and expanding influence in germany
- prussians defeated at Jena and Auerstädt Oct 1806.
- ended with treaty of Tilsit 1807
Defeated Prussians at battle of Jena
1806
Defeated Russians at Battles of Eylau and Freidland
1807
Treaty of Tilsit
7th July 1807 - cute lil treaty when Alex I and Nappy B met on a raft following Freidland - cute lil treaty lasted for not so cute little while.
