Naomi non medical prescribing Revision Flashcards
What is pharmacokinetics?
What the body does to the durg
What is pharmacodynamics?
What the drug does to the body.
What is ADME mean?
Absorption, Distribution, metabolism, excretion
Half life is….
the time required to reduce plasma concentration of drug to half its original value.
What is a therapeutic index?
A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective
What are the four areas of law to consider?
P- professional, I- Individual (civil law), E- Employer ( employment law and liability), S- Society ( criminal law)
Describe an agonist.
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and elicits an appropriate physiological response
What is an Antagonist?
An Antagonist is a drug that bind to a receptor and whose presence prevents a physiological response or other drugs from binding. Antagonists Block receptor activation by agonists.
What is the first pass metabolism?
drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced by the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation.
It is the fraction of drug lost during the process of absorption which is generally related to the liver and gut wall.
what is high hepatic ratio?
if a drug has a high hepatic ratio, drug clearance is highly affected by hepatic blood flow.
What is low hepatic ratio?
if a drug has a low hepatic ratio, drug clearance is independent of hepatic blood flow, but depends on metabolic capacity of the liver.
What does an off label mean?
Off label means the medication is being used in a manner outside the marketing authorisation
what is polypharmacy?
Concurrent use of multiple medication items by one person.
describe an enzyme inhibitor.
A substance that blocks the action of an enzyme
What does EASE stand for?
E- Effective
A- appropriate
S-safe
E- cost effective.
name the 5 rights in prescribing
M-Medication
D-Dose
T-Timing
R- Route
P- Patient
Define pharmacology
The study of properties of drugs and their interaction on living organisms and viruses.
Define bioavailability.
This is the percentage of a dose entering the systemic circulation after administration of a given dose form.
Define Efficacy
Capacity of a drug to prodcue an alteration in a target cell/organ after binding to its receptor.
its the maximum effect the drug will produce, irregardless of the dose
What does Steady State mean?
Steady-state concentration occurs when the amount of a drug being absorbed is the same amount that’s being cleared from the body when the drug is given continuously or repeatedly. Steady-state concentration is the time during which the concentration of the drug in the body stays consistent
What is a partial agonist?
A partial agonist cannot produce the maximum response acting on receptors.
How do you report an adverse Drug Reaction?
yellow Card
What is an adverse Drug Reaction?
When a side effect occurs above the usual/expected level, it becomes an adverse drug reaction.
What is a full agonist?
Can produce the maximum response on receptors.
define an inverse agonist?
In pharmacology, an inverse agonist is a drug that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces a pharmacological response opposite to that of the agonist.
What is a LIGAND?
a substance that binds with a receptor
Ability of a drug to bind to only one type of receptor or manifest only one kind of action is called….
Specificity.
Affinity is..
strength of interaction between a drug and a receptor binding site.
how many micrograms in 1MG
1000micrograms
how many milligrams in 1 Gram
1000miligrams.
What is a lipid soluble drug?
Able to dissolves in fats, oils or fatty tissues
Where are most drugs metabolised?
Liver
The study in the way in which the drug affects the body is called
Pharmacodynamics
Which route of administration is the fastest to achieve therapeutic plasma levels?
Intravenous route
What type of drug blocks a receptor site called?
Antagonist
For how long is a prescription for a Schedule 2 drug valid?
28 days
Most drugs and their metabolites are excreted via?
The Kidneys
The first line treatment for anaphylaxis is
Intramuscular Adreniline
The removal of some or all of the drug by the liver before it has had a therapeutic effect is called
The first pass effect
A lipid soluble drug will be attracted to
Fat
What 2 organs are the most important to consider the functions of when prescribing certain medications for certain groups?
liver
Kidneys
Explain the significance of a black Triangle next to a drug in the BNF?
New or monitored drugs that are under surveillance.
What does EGFR mean and what is its significance
ESTIMATED GLOWMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.
Indicates renal function
How well the kidneys are functioning and can filtrate toxins.
