Naomi Bishop Flashcards
- Provide a list of the 9 steps of pathogenesis, with a brief sentence explaining each one.
EECSERDOT
- Encounter
- Entry
- Colonisation
- Spread
- Evade defences
- Replication
- Damage
- Outcome
- Transmission
- Give 5 examples of non-specific host defences that may be encountered by a microorganism exposed to the skin of a human host.
- Skin
- Sweat
- Sebum
- Hair follicles
- Nails
- Briefly describe four mechanisms pathogenic microorganisms may use to overcome limited iron availability in the host?
a. Intracellular growth
b. Lysing of host cells that release iron
c. Evolving to not require iron for the biochemical process
d. Siderophores, compounds secreted by microorganisms that have high iron affinity
- Give 5 examples of host non-specific chemical defences against potential pathogenic microorganisms
a. Mucus membranes
b. Secretions (enzymes – tears and saliva)
c. Secretions (lipids)
d. Acidic pH
e. Sweat and sebum
- Briefly describe the 4 key components of the second line of defence in mammalian hosts.
a. Phagocytic white blood cells
b. Immune response
c. Antimicrobial proteins
d. Natural Killer Cells
- Draw and label a diagram of a typical immunoglobulin molecule. Ensure the Fc and Fab regions are highlighted. Which regions are constant, which are variable?
The variable parts are only the very tipped parts of the Y, (if you split the section into two, its only the very end one), the rest are constant.
Fab is the winged parts, (fabulous, darlin’) and the bottom region is the Fc.
- What are the five-immunoglobulin classes?
a. IgA
b. IgE
c. IgD
d. IgG
e. IgM
“MEGA-D”
7a. Which are monomeric and which can form multimers? Immunoglobulins.
IgD
7b. Which can fix complement and which does this best?
IgM, IgG
7c. Which can cross the placenta? Which are efficiently secreted into breast milk or cut mucous?
IgA
