Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PA-CAT Microbiology > Naming, Identifying, and Classifying Microorganisms Based On Their Characteristics > Flashcards

Naming, Identifying, and Classifying Microorganisms Based On Their Characteristics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the major classes of microorganisms in increasing complexity?

A
  1. Viruses
  2. Bacteria
  3. Fungi
  4. Protozoa
  5. Multicellular animal parasites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What roles do microorganisms play in the environment?

A
  1. oxygen production

2. decomposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Viruses are

a. acellular
b. cellular

A

a. accelular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which microorganism is a strict intracellular parasite?

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a strict intracellular parasite contain

A

genome and some structural elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which microorganism cannot produce proteins or energy so they have to take over the machinery of a living cell?

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do viruses contain ribosomes?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do viruses contain DNA or RNA?

A

Viruses can contain either DNA or RNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The DNA or RNA in viruses is surrounded by what?

A

a protein coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a protein coat called in viruses?

A

caspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Some viruses have a lipid membrane exterior to capsid called what?

A

envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to viruses use genes?

A

use it to direct activities of the host cell to bring about the synthesis and assembly of their components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If some viruses can integrate their DNA into the genome of the host cell, what happens.

A

the transformation of the host cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can viruses have both DNA and RNA?

A

No, it can only have DNA or RNA, not BOTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Viruses can be either enveloped or non-enveloped. if it is a non-enveloped virus, what are these called

A

naked-capsid viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are cytopathic effects in viruses?

A

the changes brought about it he hose cell by the viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are examples of Cytopathic effects in viruses?

A
  1. inclusions within the cell
  2. uncontrolled division
  3. multiple nucleated giant cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the smallest independently living cells?

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why are bacteria called prokaryotic cells?

A

they dont contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the cell wall of bacteria contain?

A

peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the characteristics used to classify bacteria?

A
  1. Gram stain
  2. Cell Shape
  3. Cell Arrangements

OTHERS

  1. surface proteins/carbohydrates
  2. presence or absence of capsules
  3. toxin production
  4. metabolism
  5. flagella/cilia
  6. motility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which kind of bacteria contain a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall and retain the purple color?

A

Gram positive bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which kind of bacteria contain a thin layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall, and therefore lose purple color when exposed to the decolorizer and the safranin stains them pink?

A

gram negative bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What color will gram positive bacteria be?

A

purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What color will gram negative bacteria be?

A

pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which decolorizer stains the bacteria pink?

A

Safranin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is crystal violet?

A

deep purple dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does Iodine act as in gram stain?

A

Mordant

30
Q

What is the decolorizer in gram stain?

A

Methanol or Ethynol

31
Q

What is safarin in gram stain?

A

a pink or red stain

32
Q

What are the different types of Bacteria Cell shapes and describe them?

A
  1. Bacilli- rod shaped
  2. Cocci- spherical
  3. Spirili- spiral-shaped
33
Q

What does Staphylococci mean?

A

in clusters

34
Q

What does streptococci mean?

A

in chains

35
Q

Are Fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

36
Q

What kind of cell wall makes up Fungi?

A

chitin cell

37
Q

Fungi is present as either ______ or _____.

A

yeast or mold

38
Q

Is yeast unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

39
Q

Is mold unicellular or multicellular?

A

multicellular

40
Q

Mold contains tubular extensions called what?

A

hyphae

41
Q

The hyphae form larger filaments called what?

A

mycelia

42
Q

What does it mean when it says some fungi are dimorphic?

A

it means they are able to take the form of yeast and mold

43
Q

What is the temperature that yeast usually forms?

A

37 degrees celsius

44
Q

What is the temperature at which mold forms?

A

25 degrees Celsius

45
Q

Is yeast unicellular at body temperature?

A

Yes

46
Q

Mold-like fungi have what present in cooler temperatures?

A

hyphae and mycilia

47
Q

Are protozoa eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

48
Q

Are protozoa unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

49
Q

Are protozoa motile or immotile?

A

motile

50
Q

How are protozoa motile?

A

thru:

  1. pseudopods
  2. cilia
  3. Flagella
51
Q

Is protozoa free living or parasitic?

A

they can be either free living, parasitic, or both

52
Q

Protozoa are free living in what kind of environments?

A

aqueous

53
Q

How to classify protozoa?

A
  1. motility (cilia, flagella)
  2. environment/infection site
  3. life cycle
54
Q

Are animal parasites eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

55
Q

Are animal parasites unicellular or multicellular

A

Multicellular

56
Q

What are parasitic worms called?

A

Helminths

57
Q

How to characterize parasites?

A
  1. Morphology:
    a. organ systems
    b. eggs
    c. mouth like
    structures
58
Q

What is the rank order of group of organisms?

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, family, genus, species

59
Q

In the bacteria name “Staphylococcus aureus,” what does the word “aureus” represent?

A. Domain
B. Genus
C. Kingdom
D. Species

A

D. Species

Explanation:
The rank of any species and genus description is basic, which means that it is usually not necessary to specify ranks other than these two items. The species is the most specific, as in “aureus” in the given example.

60
Q

Which type of microorganism is associated with the rancidity of spoiled foods?

A. Lipolytic Organism
B. Proteolytic Organisms
C. Saccharolytic Microbes
D. toxigenic Microbes

A

A. Lipolytic Organism

61
Q

Which microorganism is responsible for the spoilage or rancidity of food?

A

Lipolytic organisms

62
Q

What do lipolytic organisms do

A

use lipase in breaking down of decomposing vegetable and animal fats in rancidity

63
Q

Which organism is responsible for degrading proteins and produce bitterness and putrefaction in foods?

A

Proteolytic bacteria

64
Q

Which microbes reside in the gut and utilize carbohydrate fermentation?

A

Saccharolytic microbes

65
Q

What produces and releases toxins?

A

toxigenic microbes

66
Q

Which microbes result from microbial growth within food that can cause food poisoning?

A

toxigenic microbes

67
Q

Microorganism(s) that have peptioglycan cell wall?

A

bacteria

68
Q

Microorganism(s) that dont have peptidoglycan cell wall?

A

protozoa, archaea, and fungi

69
Q

These are non-reproductive, dormant, and enzymatically insert forms of bacterial cells?

A

endospores

70
Q

Sporulating bacteria are gram (pos,neg) and belong to the Bacillus and Clostridium genus.

A

gram positive

71
Q

What are the names of gram negative bacteria?

A
  1. Fibrobacteres
  2. Verrucomicrobia
  3. Cyanobacteria
  4. Bacteroidetes
  5. Chlamydiae,
  6. Chlorobi
  7. Spirochetes
  8. Planctomycetes
  9. Acidobacteria 

PA-CAT Microbiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions