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PA-CAT Microbiology > Naming, Identifying, and Classifying Microorganisms Based On Their Characteristics > Flashcards

Naming, Identifying, and Classifying Microorganisms Based On Their Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major classes of microorganisms in increasing complexity?

A
  1. Viruses
  2. Bacteria
  3. Fungi
  4. Protozoa
  5. Multicellular animal parasites
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2
Q

What roles do microorganisms play in the environment?

A
  1. oxygen production

2. decomposition

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3
Q

Viruses are

a. acellular
b. cellular

A

a. accelular

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4
Q

Which microorganism is a strict intracellular parasite?

A

Viruses

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5
Q

What does a strict intracellular parasite contain

A

genome and some structural elements

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6
Q

Which microorganism cannot produce proteins or energy so they have to take over the machinery of a living cell?

A

Viruses

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7
Q

Do viruses contain ribosomes?

A

No

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8
Q

Do viruses contain DNA or RNA?

A

Viruses can contain either DNA or RNA.

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9
Q

The DNA or RNA in viruses is surrounded by what?

A

a protein coat

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10
Q

What is a protein coat called in viruses?

A

caspid

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11
Q

Some viruses have a lipid membrane exterior to capsid called what?

A

envelope

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12
Q

How to viruses use genes?

A

use it to direct activities of the host cell to bring about the synthesis and assembly of their components

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13
Q

If some viruses can integrate their DNA into the genome of the host cell, what happens.

A

the transformation of the host cells

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14
Q

Can viruses have both DNA and RNA?

A

No, it can only have DNA or RNA, not BOTH

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15
Q

Viruses can be either enveloped or non-enveloped. if it is a non-enveloped virus, what are these called

A

naked-capsid viruses

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16
Q

What are cytopathic effects in viruses?

A

the changes brought about it he hose cell by the viral infection

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17
Q

What are examples of Cytopathic effects in viruses?

A
  1. inclusions within the cell
  2. uncontrolled division
  3. multiple nucleated giant cells
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18
Q

What are the smallest independently living cells?

A

bacteria

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19
Q

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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20
Q

Why are bacteria called prokaryotic cells?

A

they dont contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

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21
Q

What does the cell wall of bacteria contain?

A

peptidoglycan

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22
Q

What are the characteristics used to classify bacteria?

A
  1. Gram stain
  2. Cell Shape
  3. Cell Arrangements

OTHERS

  1. surface proteins/carbohydrates
  2. presence or absence of capsules
  3. toxin production
  4. metabolism
  5. flagella/cilia
  6. motility
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23
Q

Which kind of bacteria contain a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall and retain the purple color?

A

Gram positive bacteria

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24
Q

Which kind of bacteria contain a thin layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall, and therefore lose purple color when exposed to the decolorizer and the safranin stains them pink?

A

gram negative bacteria

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25
Q

What color will gram positive bacteria be?

A

purple

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26
Q

What color will gram negative bacteria be?

A

pink

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27
Q

Which decolorizer stains the bacteria pink?

A

Safranin

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28
Q

What is crystal violet?

A

deep purple dye

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29
Q

What does Iodine act as in gram stain?

30
Q

What is the decolorizer in gram stain?

A

Methanol or Ethynol

31
Q

What is safarin in gram stain?

A

a pink or red stain

32
Q

What are the different types of Bacteria Cell shapes and describe them?

A
  1. Bacilli- rod shaped
  2. Cocci- spherical
  3. Spirili- spiral-shaped
33
Q

What does Staphylococci mean?

A

in clusters

34
Q

What does streptococci mean?

35
Q

Are Fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

36
Q

What kind of cell wall makes up Fungi?

A

chitin cell

37
Q

Fungi is present as either ______ or _____.

A

yeast or mold

38
Q

Is yeast unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

39
Q

Is mold unicellular or multicellular?

A

multicellular

40
Q

Mold contains tubular extensions called what?

41
Q

The hyphae form larger filaments called what?

42
Q

What does it mean when it says some fungi are dimorphic?

A

it means they are able to take the form of yeast and mold

43
Q

What is the temperature that yeast usually forms?

A

37 degrees celsius

44
Q

What is the temperature at which mold forms?

A

25 degrees Celsius

45
Q

Is yeast unicellular at body temperature?

46
Q

Mold-like fungi have what present in cooler temperatures?

A

hyphae and mycilia

47
Q

Are protozoa eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

48
Q

Are protozoa unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

49
Q

Are protozoa motile or immotile?

50
Q

How are protozoa motile?

A

thru:

  1. pseudopods
  2. cilia
  3. Flagella
51
Q

Is protozoa free living or parasitic?

A

they can be either free living, parasitic, or both

52
Q

Protozoa are free living in what kind of environments?

53
Q

How to classify protozoa?

A
  1. motility (cilia, flagella)
  2. environment/infection site
  3. life cycle
54
Q

Are animal parasites eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

55
Q

Are animal parasites unicellular or multicellular

A

Multicellular

56
Q

What are parasitic worms called?

57
Q

How to characterize parasites?

A
  1. Morphology:
    a. organ systems
    b. eggs
    c. mouth like
    structures
58
Q

What is the rank order of group of organisms?

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, family, genus, species

59
Q

In the bacteria name “Staphylococcus aureus,” what does the word “aureus” represent?

A. Domain
B. Genus
C. Kingdom
D. Species

A

D. Species

Explanation:
The rank of any species and genus description is basic, which means that it is usually not necessary to specify ranks other than these two items. The species is the most specific, as in “aureus” in the given example.

60
Q

Which type of microorganism is associated with the rancidity of spoiled foods?

A. Lipolytic Organism
B. Proteolytic Organisms
C. Saccharolytic Microbes
D. toxigenic Microbes

A

A. Lipolytic Organism

61
Q

Which microorganism is responsible for the spoilage or rancidity of food?

A

Lipolytic organisms

62
Q

What do lipolytic organisms do

A

use lipase in breaking down of decomposing vegetable and animal fats in rancidity

63
Q

Which organism is responsible for degrading proteins and produce bitterness and putrefaction in foods?

A

Proteolytic bacteria

64
Q

Which microbes reside in the gut and utilize carbohydrate fermentation?

A

Saccharolytic microbes

65
Q

What produces and releases toxins?

A

toxigenic microbes

66
Q

Which microbes result from microbial growth within food that can cause food poisoning?

A

toxigenic microbes

67
Q

Microorganism(s) that have peptioglycan cell wall?

68
Q

Microorganism(s) that dont have peptidoglycan cell wall?

A

protozoa, archaea, and fungi

69
Q

These are non-reproductive, dormant, and enzymatically insert forms of bacterial cells?

A

endospores

70
Q

Sporulating bacteria are gram (pos,neg) and belong to the Bacillus and Clostridium genus.

A

gram positive

71
Q

What are the names of gram negative bacteria?

A
  1. Fibrobacteres
  2. Verrucomicrobia
  3. Cyanobacteria
  4. Bacteroidetes
  5. Chlamydiae,
  6. Chlorobi
  7. Spirochetes
  8. Planctomycetes
  9. Acidobacteria 

PA-CAT Microbiology (2 decks)

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